AUTHOR=Gómez de Cedrón Marta , Siles-Sanchez Maria de las Nieves , Martín-Hernandez Diego , Jaime Laura , Santoyo Susana , Ramírez de Molina Ana 

TITLE=Novel bioactive extract from yarrow obtained by the supercritical antisolvent-assisted technique inhibits lipid metabolism in colorectal cancer

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology

VOLUME=12

YEAR=2024

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/bioengineering-and-biotechnology/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2024.1256190

DOI=10.3389/fbioe.2024.1256190

ISSN=2296-4185

ABSTRACT=<p><bold>Background:</bold> Altered lipid metabolism in cancer is associated to dissemination and prognosis. Bioactive compounds naturally occurring in <italic>Achillea millefolium</italic> L. (yarrow) have been reported to exert antitumour activities. Food biotechnology may provide on-demand mixtures of bioactive compounds with complementary activities in cancer treatment.</p><p><bold>Methods:</bold> Supercritical-antisolvent-precipitation (SAS) has been applied to fractionate the bioactive compounds from an Ultrasound-Assisted-Extraction yarrow extract resulting in two extracts with distinct polarity, yarrow-precipitate-(PP) and yarrow-separator-(Sep). Total phenolic content and relevant essential oils have been characterized. Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative activities have been compared. Moreover, the effect on the inhibition of colorectal cancer cells’ bioenergetics has been evaluated.</p><p><bold>Results:</bold> Yarrow-PP exerted the highest antioxidant activity, even higher than the complete UAE-yarrow extract, meanwhile yarrow-Sep showed the highest anti-inflammatory activity, even higher than the complete UAE-yarrow extract. Interestingly, yarrow-Sep inhibited key lipid metabolic targets in CRC cells extensively shown to be implicated in cancer dissemination and prognosis —<italic>SREBF1</italic>, <italic>FASN</italic>, <italic>ABCA1</italic> and <italic>HMGCR</italic>— and epithelial to mesenchymal targets—<italic>CDH1</italic>, <italic>ATP1B1</italic>, <italic>CDH2</italic> and <italic>Vimentin</italic>—augmenting cell adhesion.</p><p><bold>Conclusions:</bold> In summary, SAS technology has been applied to provide a novel combination of bioactive compounds, yarrow-Sep, which merits further research to be proposed as a potential complementary nutraceutical in the treatment of CRC.</p>