AUTHOR=Savchenko Alex , Kireev Dmitry , Yin Rose T. , Efimov Igor R. , Molokanova Elena 

TITLE=Graphene-based cardiac sensors and actuators

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology

VOLUME=11

YEAR=2023

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/bioengineering-and-biotechnology/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2023.1168667

DOI=10.3389/fbioe.2023.1168667

ISSN=2296-4185

ABSTRACT=<p>Graphene, a 2D carbon allotrope, is revolutionizing many biomedical applications due to its unique mechanical, electrical, thermal, and optical properties. When bioengineers realized that these properties could dramatically enhance the performance of cardiac sensors and actuators and may offer fundamentally novel technological capabilities, the field exploded with numerous studies developing new graphene-based systems and testing their limits. Here we will review the link between specific properties of graphene and mechanisms of action of cardiac sensors and actuators, analyze the performance of these systems from inaugural studies to the present, and offer future perspectives.</p>