AUTHOR=Herrero Pau , Wilson Richard C. , Armiger Ryan , Roberts Jason A. , Holmes Alison , Georgiou Pantelis , Rawson Timothy M.
TITLE=Closed-loop control of continuous piperacillin delivery: An in silico study
JOURNAL=Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology
VOLUME=10
YEAR=2022
URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/bioengineering-and-biotechnology/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2022.1015389
DOI=10.3389/fbioe.2022.1015389
ISSN=2296-4185
ABSTRACT=Background and objective: Sub-therapeutic dosing of piperacillin-tazobactam in critically-ill patients is associated with poor clinical outcomes and may promote the emergence of drug-resistant infections. In this paper, an in silico investigation of whether closed-loop control can improve pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) target attainment is described.
Method: An in silico platform was developed using PK data from 20 critically-ill patients receiving piperacillin-tazobactam where serum and tissue interstitial fluid (ISF) PK were defined. Intra-day variability on renal clearance, ISF sensor error, and infusion constraints were taken into account. Proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control was selected for drug delivery modulation. Dose adjustment was made based on ISF sensor data with a 30-min sampling period, targeting a serum piperacillin concentration between 32 and 64 mg/L. A single tuning parameter set was employed across the virtual population. The PID controller was compared to standard therapy, including bolus and continuous infusion of piperacillin-tazobactam.
Results: Despite significant inter-subject and simulated intra-day PK variability and sensor error, PID demonstrated a significant improvement in target attainment compared to traditional bolus and continuous infusion approaches.
Conclusion: A PID controller driven by ISF drug concentration measurements has the potential to precisely deliver piperacillin-tazobactam in critically-ill patients undergoing treatment for sepsis.