AUTHOR=Kemenes György , Benjamin Paul R. , Kemenes Ildikó 

TITLE=The role of non-coding RNAs in the formation of long-term associative memory after single-trial learning in Lymnaea

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience

VOLUME=16

YEAR=2022

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/behavioral-neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fnbeh.2022.1005867

DOI=10.3389/fnbeh.2022.1005867

ISSN=1662-5153

ABSTRACT=<p>Investigations of the molecular mechanisms of long-term associative memory have revealed key roles for a number of highly evolutionarily conserved molecular pathways in a variety of different vertebrate and invertebrate model systems. One such system is the pond snail <italic>Lymnaea stagnalis</italic>, in which, like in other systems, the transcription factors CREB1 and CREB2 and the enzyme NOS play essential roles in the consolidation of long-term associative memory. More recently, epigenetic control mechanisms, such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, and control of gene expression by non-coding RNAs also have been found to play important roles in all model systems. In this minireview, we will focus on how, in <italic>Lymnaea</italic>, even a single episode of associative learning can activate CREB and NO dependent cascades due to the training-induced up- or downregulation of the expression levels of recently identified short and long non-coding RNAs.</p>