Qingsong Zhang Maozheng Chen ^* Jian Li ^*

• Xinjiang Astronomical Observatory, National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Ürümqi, China

This paper proposes a heterogeneous real-time baseband astronomical backend solution centered on RFSoC and combined GPU. The solution implemented the integration of the high-performance, completely configurable RF signal link to digitize, process, and transmit increasingly massive radio astronomy signals and provided a highly flexible and scalable scheme for the QTT backend. The RFSoC-based integration RF pre-processing front-end directly digitizes dual-polarization signals at the sampling rate of 2048MHz and converts them to dual-16-channel data streams for parallel mixing and polyphase decimation filtering. The generated baseband data with 256MHz center frequency and 100MHz bandwidth is packaged and output to the GPU server through the 100GbE Interface. Complete processes of direct RF sampling, pre-processing, and high-speed transmission are implemented at the receiver. The GPU server executes real-time post-processing at the remote end. The dynamic configuration of two observation modes can be achieved with frequency resolutions of 3.051kHz and 0.763kHz. The H2CO absorption line observations with the Nanshan 26-meter radio telescope verified the system's performance and the design's rationality. This paper explores and confirms the RFSoC's applicability on the backend. The flexible and efficient QTT backend scheme was planned based on the proposed real-time baseband pattern by expanding multi-RFSoC and GPU computing nodes.