AUTHOR=Jiao Qian , Gao Yu , Tan Qinghua , Gao Yang TITLE=Dense gas star formation efficiency and the LHCN (4−3)′/LHCO+(4−3)′ ratio: insights from a statistical study of infrared bright star-forming galaxies JOURNAL=Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences VOLUME=10 YEAR=2023 URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/astronomy-and-space-sciences/articles/10.3389/fspas.2023.1246978 DOI=10.3389/fspas.2023.1246978 ISSN=2296-987X ABSTRACT=

We present a statistical study on dense molecular gas tracers of HCN (4–3), HCO+ (4–3) lines and molecular tracers of [C i], and CO observations for a sample of 26 infrared bright star-forming (SF) galaxies. We investigate the dependence of dense gas star formation efficiency traced by HCN (4–3), HCO+ (4–3) (that is LIR/LHCN (4-3), and LIR/LHCO+(43)), and luminosity ratio of LHCN (4-3)/LHCO+(43) on [C i]-CO ratios of L[C I](1-0)/LCO (1-0), L[C I](2-1)/LCO (1-0) and L[C I](2-1)/L[C I](1-0) (hereafter R[CI]) which are sensitive to interstellar medium conditions. Our findings show that both LIR/LHCN (4-3) and LIR/LHCO+(43) have moderate correlations with L[C I](2-1)/LCO (1-0) and R[CI], while LHCN (4-3)/LHCO+(43) does not show any significant correlations with any of the [C i]-CO ratios. We compare the LHCN (4-3)/LHCO+(43) ratios of AGN and SF galaxies, and find that although the higher LHCN (4-3)/LHCO+(43) ratios are mainly found in AGN, the majority of the LHCN (4-3)/LHCO+(43) values in SF galaxies are comparable to those in AGN. Based on our findings, it appears that the LHCN (4-3)/LHCO+(43) ratio may not be a reliable indicator of the presence of an AGN, although further investigation is needed to confirm this conclusion.