AUTHOR=Borovsky Joseph E. TITLE=Loss-cone-shift maps for the Earth’s magnetosphere JOURNAL=Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences VOLUME=9 YEAR=2022 URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/astronomy-and-space-sciences/articles/10.3389/fspas.2022.944169 DOI=10.3389/fspas.2022.944169 ISSN=2296-987X ABSTRACT=

Because of finite-gyroradii effects, the atmospheric loss cone for energetic particles in the magnetosphere is shifted away from the magnetic-field direction. Using the Tsyganenko T96 magnetic-field model, maps of the magnitude of the angular shift of the loss cone are created for electrons, protons, and singly-ionized oxygen in the nightside magnetosphere. When the shift exceeds about 5°–10°, stochastic scattering of particles occurs. For protons and oxygen, this loss-cone shift is quite large, even in the dipolar portions of the magnetosphere, and stochastic scattering of protons and oxygen can occur in those regions. Hence, the ring-current ion population probably exhibits a robustly shifted loss cone and stochastic scattering in the dipole magnetosphere. For electrons, large loss-cone shifts and stochastic scattering are restricted to the magnetotail near and beyond the transition region.