AUTHOR=Stasińska Grażyna , Trevisan Marina , Vale Asari Natalia 

TITLE=Planetary Nebulae and the Ionization of the Interstellar Medium in Galaxies

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences

VOLUME=9

YEAR=2022

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/astronomy-and-space-sciences/articles/10.3389/fspas.2022.913485

DOI=10.3389/fspas.2022.913485

ISSN=2296-987X

ABSTRACT=<p>We discuss the role of planetary nebulae and their progeny in galaxy context in terms of ionization of the galaxy interstellar medium. This regards ionized gas outside the disk of spiral galaxies, the diffuse ionized medium in spiral galaxies, and the weak line emission of elliptical galaxies.</p>