On the Emergent Capabilities of ChatGPT 4 to Estimate Personality Traits

Marco Piastra ^1* Patrizia Catellani ²

• ¹ Department of Industrial, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
• ² Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy

This study investigates the potential of ChatGPT 4 in the assessment of personality traits based on written texts. Using two publicly available datasets containing both written texts and self-assessments of the authors' psychological traits based on the Big Five model, we aimed to evaluate the predictive performance of ChatGPT 4. For each sample text, we asked for numerical predictions on an elevenpoint scale and compared them with the self-assessments. We also asked for ChatGPT 4 confidence scores on an eleven-point scale for each prediction. To keep the study within a manageable scope, a zero-prompt modality was chosen, although more sophisticated prompting strategies could potentially improve performance. The results show that ChatGPT 4 has moderate but significant abilities to automatically infer personality traits from written text. However, it also shows limitations in recognizing whether the input text is appropriate or representative enough to make accurate inferences, which could hinder practical applications. Furthermore, the results suggest that improved benchmarking methods could increase the efficiency and reliability of the evaluation process. These results pave the way for a more comprehensive evaluation of the capabilities of Large Language Models in assessing personality traits from written texts.