AUTHOR=Lakatos Róbert , Pollner Péter , Hajdu András , Joó Tamás TITLE=A multimodal deep learning architecture for smoking detection with a small data approach JOURNAL=Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence VOLUME=7 YEAR=2024 URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/artificial-intelligence/articles/10.3389/frai.2024.1326050 DOI=10.3389/frai.2024.1326050 ISSN=2624-8212 ABSTRACT=

Covert tobacco advertisements often raise regulatory measures. This paper presents that artificial intelligence, particularly deep learning, has great potential for detecting hidden advertising and allows unbiased, reproducible, and fair quantification of tobacco-related media content. We propose an integrated text and image processing model based on deep learning, generative methods, and human reinforcement, which can detect smoking cases in both textual and visual formats, even with little available training data. Our model can achieve 74% accuracy for images and 98% for text. Furthermore, our system integrates the possibility of expert intervention in the form of human reinforcement. Using the pre-trained multimodal, image, and text processing models available through deep learning makes it possible to detect smoking in different media even with few training data.