AUTHOR=Liventsev Vadim , Härmä Aki , Petković Milan TITLE=Towards Effective Patient Simulators JOURNAL=Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence VOLUME=4 YEAR=2021 URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/artificial-intelligence/articles/10.3389/frai.2021.798659 DOI=10.3389/frai.2021.798659 ISSN=2624-8212 ABSTRACT=

In this paper we give an overview of the field of patient simulators and provide qualitative and quantitative comparison of different modeling and simulation approaches. Simulators can be used to train human caregivers but also to develop and optimize algorithms for clinical decision support applications and test and validate interventions. In this paper we introduce three novel patient simulators with different levels of representational accuracy: HeartPole, a simplistic transparent rule-based system, GraphSim, a graph-based model trained on intensive care data, and Auto-ALS—an adjusted version of an educational software package used for training junior healthcare professionals. We provide a qualitative and quantitative comparison of the previously existing as well as proposed simulators.