AUTHOR=Li Xingjian , Goodman Dou , Liu Ji , Wei Tao , Dou Dejing TITLE=Improving Adversarial Robustness via Attention and Adversarial Logit Pairing JOURNAL=Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence VOLUME=4 YEAR=2022 URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/artificial-intelligence/articles/10.3389/frai.2021.752831 DOI=10.3389/frai.2021.752831 ISSN=2624-8212 ABSTRACT=

Though deep neural networks have achieved the state of the art performance in visual classification, recent studies have shown that they are all vulnerable to the attack of adversarial examples. In this paper, we develop improved techniques for defending against adversarial examples. First, we propose an enhanced defense technique denoted Attention and Adversarial Logit Pairing (AT + ALP), which encourages both attention map and logit for the pairs of examples to be similar. When being applied to clean examples and their adversarial counterparts, AT + ALP improves accuracy on adversarial examples over adversarial training. We show that AT + ALP can effectively increase the average activations of adversarial examples in the key area and demonstrate that it focuses on discriminate features to improve the robustness of the model. Finally, we conduct extensive experiments using a wide range of datasets and the experiment results show that our AT + ALP achieves the state of the art defense performance. For example, on 17 Flower Category Database, under strong 200-iteration Projected Gradient Descent (PGD) gray-box and black-box attacks where prior art has 34 and 39% accuracy, our method achieves 50 and 51%. Compared with previous work, our work is evaluated under highly challenging PGD attack: the maximum perturbation ϵ ∈ {0.25, 0.5} i.e. L∞ ∈ {0.25, 0.5} with 10–200 attack iterations. To the best of our knowledge, such a strong attack has not been previously explored on a wide range of datasets.