AUTHOR=Shusterman Dennis TITLE=History of pollutant adjuvants in respiratory allergy JOURNAL=Frontiers in Allergy VOLUME=5 YEAR=2024 URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/allergy/articles/10.3389/falgy.2024.1374771 DOI=10.3389/falgy.2024.1374771 ISSN=2673-6101 ABSTRACT=

Combined exposures to allergens and air pollutants emerged as a topic of concern in scientific circles by the 1980's, when it became clear that parallel increases in respiratory allergies and traffic-related air pollution had been occurring during the 20th century. Although historically there has been a tendency to treat exposure-related symptoms as either allergic or toxicologic in nature, cross-interactions have since been established between the two modalities. For example, exposure to selected air pollutants in concert with a given allergen can increase the likelihood that an individual will become sensitized to that allergen, strongly suggesting that the pollutant acted as an adjuvant. Although not a review of underlying mechanisms, the purpose of this mini-review is to highlight the potential significance of co-exposure to adjuvant chemicals in predicting allergic sensitization in the respiratory tract. The current discussion emphasizes the upper airway as a model for respiratory challenge studies, the results of which may be applicable—not only to allergic rhinitis—but also to conjunctivitis and asthma.