AUTHOR=Grafeneder Juergen , Ettl Florian , Warenits Alexandra-Maria , Buchtele Nina , Lobmeyr Elisabeth , Staudinger Thomas , Schwameis Michael , Sperr Wolfgang R. , Gelbenegger Georg , Schoergenhofer Christian , Jilma Bernd 

TITLE=Multi-phasic life-threatening anaphylaxis refractory to epinephrine managed by extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO): A case report

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Allergy

VOLUME=3

YEAR=2022

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/allergy/articles/10.3389/falgy.2022.934436

DOI=10.3389/falgy.2022.934436

ISSN=2673-6101

ABSTRACT=<p>We present a case of a 52-year-old patient suffering from multi-phasic life-threatening anaphylaxis refractory to epinephrine treatment. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) therapy was initiated as the <italic>ultima ratio</italic> to stabilize the patient hemodynamically during episodic severe bronchospasm. ECMO treatment was successfully weaned after 4 days. Mastocytosis was diagnosed as the underlying condition. Although epinephrine is recommended as a first-line treatment for anaphylaxis, this impressive case provides clear evidence of its limited therapeutic success and emphasizes the need for causal therapies.</p>