AUTHOR=Padayachee Yorissa , Flicker Sabine , Linton Sophia , Cafferkey John , Kon Onn Min , Johnston Sebastian L. , Ellis Anne K. , Desrosiers Martin , Turner Paul , Valenta Rudolf , Scadding Glenis Kathleen TITLE=Review: The Nose as a Route for Therapy. Part 2 Immunotherapy JOURNAL=Frontiers in Allergy VOLUME=2 YEAR=2021 URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/allergy/articles/10.3389/falgy.2021.668781 DOI=10.3389/falgy.2021.668781 ISSN=2673-6101 ABSTRACT=
The nose provides a route of access to the body for inhalants and fluids. Unsurprisingly it has a strong immune defense system, with involvement of innate (e.g., epithelial barrier, muco- ciliary clearance, nasal secretions with interferons, lysozyme, nitric oxide) and acquired (e.g., secreted immunoglobulins, lymphocytes) arms. The lattice network of dendritic cells surrounding the nostrils allows rapid uptake and sampling of molecules able to negotiate the epithelial barrier. Despite this many respiratory infections, including SARS-CoV2, are initiated through nasal mucosal contact, and the nasal mucosa is a significant “reservoir” for microbes including