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ORIGINAL RESEARCH article

Front. Aging

Sec. Healthy Longevity

Volume 6 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fragi.2025.1568034

This article is part of the Research Topic Exploring Longevity: Insights and Research on Human Lifespan and Healthspan View all 3 articles

Multivariate analysis of immunosenescence data in healthy humans and diverse diseases

Provisionally accepted
Ana Laura Añé-Kourí Ana Laura Añé-Kourí 1,2*Jorge Luis Palomino Jorge Luis Palomino 1Patricia Lorenzo-Luaces Patricia Lorenzo-Luaces 1Lizet Sanchez Lizet Sanchez 1Nuris Ledon Nuris Ledon 1Karla Pereira Karla Pereira 1Jenysbel de la Caridad Hernández Jenysbel de la Caridad Hernández 1Gisela María Suarez Gisela María Suarez 3Beatriz García Beatriz García 1Amnely Gonzalez Amnely Gonzalez 1Danay Saavedra Danay Saavedra 1,4*Lage Agustin Lage Agustin 1
  • 1 Center of Molecular Immunology (Cuba), Havana, La Habana, Cuba
  • 2 Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Hasselt, Hasselt, Limburg, Belgium
  • 3 Abu Dhabi Stem Cells Center (ADSCC), Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
  • 4 Diabetes Research Institute, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

    Immunosenescence is a dynamic process, where both genetic and environmental factors account for the substantial inter-individual variability. This paper integrates all the data on immunosenescence markers generated in our laboratory and describes the differences and/or similarities between individuals based on their biological conditions (immunosenescence markers) and their associations with chronological age and health status.The dataset consisted of immunological data from healthy donors, centenarians, patients diagnosed with chronic kidney disease, COVID-19 and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), treatment-naïve or treated with platinum-based chemotherapy. To determine whether there are groups of immunologically different individuals despite their age or clinical condition, cluster analysis was performed. Canonical discriminant analysis was performed to determine which variables characterize each cluster.Results: There are differences in the expression of immunosenescence markers between healthy subjects and patients diagnosed with different pathological conditions, regardless of their age. Meanwhile, the distribution of the clusters indicates the presence of two separate groups of healthy participants, one of them characterized by a high frequency of naïve lymphocytes, and the other with high expression of terminally differentiated lymphocyte subsets. Advanced NSCLC treatment-naïve patients were in the same cluster as a group of healthy subjects. Additionally, centenarians belong to different cluster than healthy subjects, suggesting they might have a unique immune signature.The distribution of clusters appears to be more appropriate than univariate associations of single markers with health and disease. The present work reveals which immune markers are relevant in different physiological and pathological contexts and indicates the need for deeper studies on the biological age of the immune system.

    Keywords: Immunosenescence markers, multivariate analysis, healthy subjects, centenarians, Non-small cell lung cancer

    Received: 28 Jan 2025; Accepted: 27 Mar 2025.

    Copyright: © 2025 Añé-Kourí, Palomino, Lorenzo-Luaces, Sanchez, Ledon, Pereira, Hernández, Suarez, García, Gonzalez, Saavedra and Agustin. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

    * Correspondence:
    Ana Laura Añé-Kourí, Center of Molecular Immunology (Cuba), Havana, La Habana, Cuba
    Danay Saavedra, Center of Molecular Immunology (Cuba), Havana, La Habana, Cuba

    Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.

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