AUTHOR=Viecelli Claudio , Ewald Collin Y. 

TITLE=The non-modifiable factors age, gender, and genetics influence resistance exercise

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Aging

VOLUME=3

YEAR=2022

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/aging/articles/10.3389/fragi.2022.1005848

DOI=10.3389/fragi.2022.1005848

ISSN=2673-6217

ABSTRACT=<p>Muscle mass and force are key for movement, life quality, and health. It is well established that resistance exercise is a potent anabolic stimulus increasing muscle mass and force. The response of a physiological system to resistance exercise is composed of non-modifiable (<italic>i.e.,</italic> age, gender, genetics) and modifiable factors (<italic>i.e.,</italic> exercise, nutrition, training status, etc.). Both factors are integrated by systemic responses (<italic>i.e.,</italic> molecular signaling, genetic responses, protein metabolism, etc.), consequently resulting in functional and physiological adaptations. Herein, we discuss the influence of non-modifiable factors on resistance exercise: age, gender, and genetics. A solid understanding of the role of non-modifiable factors might help to adjust training regimes towards optimal muscle mass maintenance and health.</p>