AUTHOR=Li Yutao , Fu Chenyi , Song Honglin , Zhang Zhenhang , Liu Tianbiao TITLE=Prolonged moderate to vigorous physical activity may lead to a decline in cognitive performance: a Mendelian randomization study JOURNAL=Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience VOLUME=16 YEAR=2024 URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/aging-neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fnagi.2024.1403464 DOI=10.3389/fnagi.2024.1403464 ISSN=1663-4365 ABSTRACT=Objective

This study investigates the causal relationship between moderate to vigorous physical activity and cognitive performance.

Methods

Genetic loci strongly related to moderate to vigorous physical activity from genome-wide association studies were used as instrumental variables. These were combined with genetic data on cognitive performance from different Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) to conduct a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis. The primary analysis used inverse variance weighting within a random effects model, supplemented by weighted median estimation, MR-Egger regression and other methods, with results expressed as Beta coefficient.

Results

This study selected 19 SNPs closely related to physical activity as instrumental variables. The multiplicative random-effects Inverse-Variance Weighted (IVW) analysis revealed that moderate to vigorous physical activity was negatively associated with cognitive performance (Beta = −0.551; OR = 0.58; 95% CI: 0.46–0.72; p < 0.001). Consistent results were obtained using the fixed effects IVW model (Beta = −0.551; OR = 0.58; 95% CI: 0.52–0.63; p < 0.001), weighted median (Beta = −0.424; OR = 0.65; 95% CI: 0.55–0.78; p < 0.001), simple mode (Beta = −0.467; OR = 0.63; 95% CI: 0.44–0.90; p < 0.001), and weighted mode (Beta = −0.504; OR = 0.60; 95% CI: 0.44–0.83; p < 0.001). After adjusting for BMI, smoking, sleep duration, and alcohol intake frequency, the multivariate MR analysis also showed a significant association between genetically predicted MVPA and cognitive performance, with Beta of −0.599 and OR = 0.55 (95% CI: 0.44–0.69; p < 0.001).

Conclusion

The findings of this study indicate that genetically predicted moderate to vigorous physical activity may be associated with a decline in cognitive performance.