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ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Adolesc. Med.
Sec. Addiction in Adolescents
Volume 3 - 2025 |
doi: 10.3389/fradm.2025.1486782
This article is part of the Research Topic Global youth e-cigarette use: prevalence, risks, and regulatory policy impacts View all 3 articles
Substance Use and Social Influence as Risk Factors for Nicotine and Tobacco Product Use in Adolescents and Young Adults who use Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems
Provisionally accepted
Laura E Hatz 1*
Kelly E Courtney 1
Alexander Wallace 1
Natasha E Wade 1 Rachel Baca 1
Neal Doran 1,2
Joanna Jacobus 1*- 1 Department Psychiatry, San Diego School of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, California, United States
- 2 VA San Diego Healthcare System, Veterans Health Administration, United States Department of Veterans Affairs, San Diego, California, United States
Background: Nicotine and tobacco product (NTP) use in adolescence and young adulthood is associated with negative health and psychosocial outcomes. This study prospectively tested alcohol use, cannabis use, and peer and family NTP use as predictors of NTP use in adolescents and young adults (AYAs) who were NTP naïve or who primarily used electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS). Method: Participants (N=133) ages 16-22 completed a baseline laboratory visit and follow-up session one year later. Participants' baseline alcohol use, cannabis use, and NTP use by peers and family were tested as risk factors for any and moderate to heavy (at least monthly) NTP use at follow-up. Logistic regressions were conducted for the full sample (N=133) and in a subsample of participants reporting no to low NTP use at baseline (n=76). Results: Baseline alcohol use, cannabis use, and peer and family NTP use were associated with NTP use at one-year follow-up, over and above baseline NTP use. Peer and family NTP use emerged as the most consistent predictor of AYA NTP use (ORs: 4.059 -8.432), while recent cannabis and alcohol use exerted effects (ORs: 1.003 -1.021) that varied by NTP use level. Discussion: A confluence of variables, including prior substance use and social and familial influences, act as risk factors for NTP use in AYAs who primarily use ENDS. Identification of risk and protective factors for NTP use is necessary to inform efforts to decrease NTP use in this developmentally vulnerable population.
Keywords: adolescents, young adults, Nicotine, Risk factors, alcohol, Cannabis
Received: 26 Aug 2024; Accepted: 06 Jan 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Hatz, Courtney, Wallace, Wade, Baca, Doran and Jacobus. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence:
Laura E Hatz, Department Psychiatry, San Diego School of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, 92093, California, United States
Joanna Jacobus, Department Psychiatry, San Diego School of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, 92093, California, United States
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