Christopher W. Cutler
Gill Diamond- 1Department of Periodontics, The Dental College of Georgia-Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
- 2Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
Editorial on the Research Topic
Cellular Mechanisms of Aging and Longevity in Oral Health and Disease
The aging adult population will continue to grow well into the next two decades [1] with a rise expected in diseases of inflammaging, as reviewed by Clark et al. Particular emphasis in this review is placed on periodontitis (PD), one of the most common age-related inflammatory disease [2]. PD is comorbid with many inflammaging diseases such as type 2 diabetes, heart disease [3], cancer [4], and Alzheimer's disease [5]. Collectively these comorbid diseases constitute a major cause of mortality and morbidity on the globe [3–6]. Intense efforts are needed to identify the pathogenic mechanisms involved, and to facilitate the development of novel therapeutic agents. COVID 19 deaths have also been linked to advanced age [7], with human [8] and murine studies [9] beginning to reveal the destructive inflammatory lung responses [10]. Similar studies are defining the destructive cellular immune responses in PD [11], with particular emphasis on in situ studies in humans [12] and in mice [13], documenting an important role for unregulated activation of gingival dendritic cells and T cells in situ in promotion of Th17 driven alveolar bone loss. Understanding how these immune cells interact with the oral microbiome in young and aged subjects and promote systemic dissemination of oral pathogens [3, 12, 14] is of particular significance. Ebersole et al. examined the age-related changes of innate antimicrobial factors at oral mucosa and secretions in non-human primates subjected to experimental PD. Antimicrobial factors in the oral environment must battle microbes such as the keystone periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis [15]. This species has been discovered in the brains of Alzheimer's disease patients [16], and invades dendritic cells, resulting in activation of the senescence associated secretory phenotype (SASP). The SASP releases a burst of exosomes into the milieu, promoting senescence in normal bystander immune cells [17]. Parkinson and Prime have provided a Mini-review of classical cellular senescence and its implications for oral tumor surveillance and therapeutics, thus rounding out this topical section.
Author Contributions
CC wrote the text. GD edited the text. All authors contributed to the article and approved the submitted version.
Conflict of Interest
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
Publisher's Note
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article, or claim that may be made by its manufacturer, is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
References
1. Eke PI, Wei L, Borgnakke WS, Thornton-Evans G, Zhang X, Lu H, et al. Periodontitis prevalence in adults ≥65 years of age, in the USA. Periodontol. (2016) 72:76–95. doi: 10.1111/prd.12145
2. Zhang P, Wang Q, Nie L, Zhu R, Zhou X, Zhao P, et al. Hyperglycemia-induced inflamm-aging accelerates gingival senescence via NLRC4 phosphorylation. J Biol Chem. (2019) 294:18807–19. doi: 10.1074/jbc.RA119.010648
3. Carrion J, Scisci E, Miles B, Sabino GJ, Zeituni AE, Gu Y, et al. Microbial carriage state of peripheral blood dendritic cells (DCs) in chronic periodontitis influences DC differentiation, atherogenic potential. J Immunol. (2012) 189:3178–87. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1201053
4. Michaud DS, Fu Z, Shi J, Chung M. Periodontal disease, tooth loss, and cancer risk. Epidemiol Rev. (2017) 39:49–58. doi: 10.1093/epirev/mxx006
5. Teixeira FB, Saito MT, Matheus FC, Prediger RD, Yamada ES, Maia CSF, et al. Periodontitis and Alzheimer's disease: a possible comorbidity between oral chronic inflammatory condition and neuroinflammation. Front Aging Neurosci. (2017) 9:327. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00327
6. Franceschi C, Bonafè M, Valensin S, Olivieri F, De Luca M, Ottaviani E, et al. Inflamm-aging. An evolutionary perspective on immunosenescence. Ann N Y Acad Sci. (2000) 908:244–54. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb06651.x
7. CDC COVID-19 Response Team. Severe outcomes among patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) — United States, February 12–March 16, 2020. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. (2020) 69:343–6. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6912e2
8. Donnelly CA, Fisher MC, Fraser C, Ghani AC, Riley S, Ferguson NM, et al. Epidemiological and genetic analysis of severe acute respiratory syndrome. Lancet Infect Dis. (2004) 4:672–83. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(04)01173-9
9. Roberts A, Deming D, Paddock CD, Cheng A, Yount B, Vogel L, et al. A mouse-adapted SARS-coronavirus causes disease and mortality in BALB/c mice. PLoS Pathog. (2007) 3:e5. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.0030005
10. Chen J, Lai YF, Lamirande EW, Paddock CD, Bartlett JH, Zaki SR, et al. Cellular immune responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) infection in senescent BALB/c mice: CD4+ T cells are important in control of SARS-CoV infection. J Virol. (2010) 84:1289–301. doi: 10.1128/JVI.01281-09
11. Jotwani R, Cutler CW. Multiple dendritic cell (DC) subpopulations in human gingiva and association of mature DCs with CD4+ T-cells in situ. J Dent Res. (2003) 82:736–41. doi: 10.1177/154405910308200915
12. Jotwani R, Palucka AK, Al-Quotub M, Nouri-Shirazi M, Kim J, Bell D, et al. Mature dendritic cells infiltrate the T cell-rich region of oral mucosa in chronic periodontitis: in situ, in vivo, and in vitro studies. J Immunol. (2001) 167:4693–700. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.167.8.4693
13. Elashiry M, Elashiry MM, Elsayes R, Rajendren M, Auersvald C, Zeitoun R, et al. Dendritic cell derived exosomes loaded with immunoregulatory cargo reprogram local immune responses and inhibit degenerative bone disease in vivo. J Extracell Vesicles. (2020) 9:1795362. doi: 10.1080/20013078.2020.1795362
14. El-Awady A, de Sousa Rabelo M, Meghil MM, Rejendren M, Elashiry M, Statdler AF, et al. Polymicrobial synergy within oral biofilm promotes invasion of dendritic cells and survival of consortia members. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes. (2019) 5:11. doi: 10.1038/s41522-019-0084-7
15. Darveau RP. Periodontitis: a polymicrobial disruption of host homeostasis. Nat Rev Microbiol. (2010) 8:481–90. doi: 10.1038/nrmicro2337
16. Dominy SS, Lynch C, Ermini F, Benedyk M, Marczyk A, Konradi A, et al. Porphyromonas gingivalis in Alzheimer's disease brains: evidence for disease causation and treatment with small-molecule inhibitors. Sci Adv. (2019) 5:eaau3333.
Keywords: periodontitis, Alzheimer's disease, senescence, inflammaging, microbiome
Citation: Cutler CW and Diamond G (2022) Editorial: Cellular Mechanisms of Aging and Longevity in Oral Health and Disease. Front. Oral. Health 3:971191. doi: 10.3389/froh.2022.971191
Received: 16 June 2022; Accepted: 20 June 2022;
Published: 12 July 2022.
Edited and reviewed by: Georgios N. Belibasakis, Karolinska Institutet (KI), Sweden
Copyright © 2022 Cutler and Diamond. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
*Correspondence: Christopher W. Cutler, Y2hjdXRsZXImI3gwMDA0MDthdWd1c3RhLmVkdQ==; Gill Diamond, Z2lsbC5kaWFtb25kJiN4MDAwNDA7bG91aXN2aWxsZS5lZHU=