This article is a commentary on:
Changes in Oral Health Policies and Guidelines During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Sonica Singhal
Julie Farmer
Carlos Quiñonez1- 1Department of Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- 2Public Health Ontario, Toronto, ON, Canada
A Commentary on
Changes in Oral Health Policies and Guidelines During the COVID-19 Pandemic
by Jiang, C. M., Duangthip, D., Auychai, P., Chiba, M., Folayan, M. O., Hamama, H. H., et al. (2021). Front. Oral Health. 2:27. doi: 10.3389/froh.2021.668444
We commend Jiang et al. for their cross-national collaboration to assimilate information on changes in oral healthcare policies and guidelines developed in response to COVID-19 [1].
During COVID-19, apart from working in closed environments in close proximity to staff and patients, one of the biggest challenges for oral healthcare workers, including in Canada, is to mitigate infection transmission risk while conducting aerosol generating procedures (AGPs) [2, 3]. Given this, Canadian dental regulatory authorities, professional associations, and professionals themselves have been on a constant watch for any COVID-19 outbreaks in dental offices. As a matter of fact, in Canada, multiple episodes of outbreaks in dental offices have surfaced in the media in the last many months [4–9]; however, it appears that none report outbreaks as a result of provider-to-patient or patient-to-provider transmission. On that note, Table 1 of Jiang et al., based on a news article [6], states that Canada witnessed an outbreak in a dental office due to cross infection from dental treatment, which is an inaccurate description of the facts [1]. The news article though stated that “public health officials in Waterloo Region have declared a COVID-19 outbreak at a dental service after three cases were linked to it,” there was no mention of cross-infection due to dental treatment. Further investigation before stating such an important and sensitive information, which has a potential to be detrimental to public and patient perceptions of the safety of dental care in Canada as well as globally, was warranted. This outbreak happened in the Region of Waterloo in the province of Ontario, Canada's most populated province with the largest number of dentists. Through personal communication with the concerned officials at the time of the dental office outbreak, it was confirmed that the outbreak was related to staff-to-staff transmission. There were no high-risk contacts identified outside of the workplace and no high-risk contacts among the patients. The dental setting contacted all of their patients who had been onsite on the days impacted and notified them of a possible low-risk exposure.
On another note, authors state that “national requirements for heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems in health care facilities are determined by the Canadian Standards Association” (CSA). Importantly, dental clinics are actually not captured under “health care facilities” in Canada, which means that these national requirements do not apply to dentistry; in fact, the CSA has no regulatory power in this context. Further, only one of the four provincial dental regulatory authorities or associations included in the Jiang et al. paper (British Columbia) [10] refer to CSA standards for establishing HVAC systems. In addition, of the four provinces [10–13], guidelines around observance of fallow period are only provided in Ontario [11], based on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's table for airborne contaminant removal times [14], and not the CSA standard, as described by Jiang et al.
Finally, while Jiang et al. acknowledge the existence of dental regulatory authorities in Canada's 13 provincial and territorial jurisdictions, they have focussed their findings on only four of these jurisdictions. Notably, variation in the content of these policies has been noted in Canada, one example being described above [15]. The article by Jiang et al. being a nine countries comparison, understandably could not provide comprehensive information on specific countries; that said, Canadian readers might get further benefitted if a more complete review of inter-jurisdictional guidance is planned in the future.
Author Contributions
SS identified inaccuracies in the aforementioned manuscript, did facts check with the concerned authorities, and prepared the first draft. SS, JF, and CQ conceived the idea of acknowledging the gaps through this commentary and finalized the manuscript. JF reviewed the relevant literature. CQ and JF reviewed and made edits. All authors contributed to the article and approved the submitted version.
Conflict of Interest
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
References
1. Jiang CM, Duangthip D, Auychai P, Chiba M, Folayan MO, Hamama HH, et al. Changes in oral health policies and guidelines during the COVID-19 pandemic. Front. Oral Health. (2021) 2:27. doi: 10.3389/froh.2021.668444
2. Ontario Agency for Health Protection and Promotion (Public Health Ontario). COVID-19 in Dental Care Settings. Toronto, ON: Queen's Printer for Ontario (2020).
3. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Guidance for Dental Settings. Available online at: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/dental-settings.html (accessed December 15, 2002).
4. Mazur A. Public Health Warns of COVID-19 Exposure at Trenton Dentist's Office, Global News; (2020). Available online at: https://globalnews.ca/news/7396068/public-health-covid-19-exposure-trenton-dentist/?fbclid=IwAR2OHF5FqUnqe2oTB30mxvB16bY6_rLoLXCZHGGnDTQIgqz_4UsDfXkjTh4 (accessed June 5, 2021).
5. Louis A. FNHA Announces COVID-19 Exposure at Seabird Island Dental Clinic, The Chilliwack Progress. (2020). Available online at: https://www.theprogress.com/news/fnha-announces-covid-19-exposure-at-seabird-island-dental-clinic/ (accessed June 5, 2021).
6. Banger C. COVID-19 Outbreak Declared at Waterloo Region Dental Service; Region Reports 20 New Cases, CTV News. (2020). Available online at: https://kitchener.ctvnews.ca/covid-19-outbreak-declared-at-waterloo-region-dental-service-region-reports-20-new-cases-1.5144674 (accessed June 5, 2021).
7. Clarke K. Hamilton Surpasses 500 active COVID Cases. The Hamilton Spectator. (2020). Available from: https://www.thespec.com/news/hamilton-region/2020/11/29/covid-hamilton-latest-news.html (accessed June 5, 2021).
8. Baker J. 84 New Cases of COVID-19 in Waterloo Region, One More Death CTV News (2020). Available from: https://kitchener.ctvnews.ca/84-new-cases-of-covid-19-in-waterloo-region-one-more-death-1.5238975 (accessed June 5, 2021).
9. COVID-19 outbreak declared at Pembroke, Ont. dental office, CBC News. (2020). Available online at: https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ottawa/pembroke-dentist-office-outbreak-covid-1.5849471 (accessed June 5, 2021).
10. College of Dental Surgeons of British Columbia. COVID-19 Resources for Registrants. (2020). Available online at: https://www.cdsbc.org/Pages/covid-19-info.aspx (accessed January 20, 2021).
11. Royal College of Dental Surgeons of Ontario. COVID-19: Managing Infection Risks During In-Person Dental Care. (2020). Available online at: https://www.rcdso.org/en-ca/rcdso-members/2019-novel-coronavirus/covid-19–managing-infection-risks-during-in-person-care (accessed January 20, 2021).
12. Alberta Dental Association. Dental Practice Guidelines During the Covid-19 Pandemic. (2020). Available online at: https://www.dentalhealthalberta.ca/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Dental-Practice-Guidelines-during-the-COVID-19-Pandemic-2020-08-01.pdf (accessed January 20, 2021).
13. Newfoundland & Labrador Dental Association. Pandemic Plan, Covid-19 for Return to Dental Practice. (2020). Available online at: http://www.nlda.net/Pandemic%20Plan%20-%20COVID-19%20For%20Return%20to%20Dental%20Practice.pdf (accessed January 20, 2021).
14. Kohn WG, Collins AS, Cleveland JL, Harte JA, Eklund KJ, Malvitz DM. Guidelines for Infection Control in Dental Health-Care Settings-2003. (2003). Available online at: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5217a1.htm (accessed June 5, 2021).
Keywords: aerosol generating procedures, fallow period, cross infection (MeSH), heating ventilation air conditioning, COVID-19
Citation: Singhal S, Farmer J and Quiñonez C (2021) Commentary: Changes in Oral Health Policies and Guidelines During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Front. Oral. Health 2:718538. doi: 10.3389/froh.2021.718538
Received: 07 June 2021; Accepted: 16 June 2021;
Published: 08 July 2021.
Edited by:
Joana Cunha-Cruz, University of Washington, United StatesReviewed by:
Thomas Gerhard Wolf, University of Bern, SwitzerlandCopyright © 2021 Singhal, Farmer and Quiñonez. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
*Correspondence: Sonica Singhal, sonica.singhal@oahpp.ca