Rumao Tao1*
Oleg Antipov- 1Laser Fusion Research Center, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, China
- 2Institute of Applied Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- 3Higher School of General and Applied Physics, Nizhny Novgorod State University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- 4College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China
- 5Nanhu Laser Laboratory, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China
- 6Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
Editorial on the Research Topic
Advanced high power solid-state laser technology
Since the first demonstration of lasers, continuous progress in the development of laser technology, especially solid-state laser technology, has led to numerous new applications and capabilities. Solid-state lasers, including fiber lasers, crystal lasers, and ceramic lasers, have the unique advantage of high efficiency, reliability, flexibility and robust configuration. The rapid development of the solid-state laser technology has been enabled by the introduction of novel materials, components, advanced laser technology and system design. Tremendous new applications have been advanced, including the high order nonlinear physics interactions, free space and quantum communications, LIDAR for autonomous vehicles, beam projecting and steering, and materials processing. However, the onset of nonlinear effects, thermal effects, and laser-induced damages have limited the power scaling of various solid-state lasers, which limited the overall performance of the systems with the conjunction of the transmission optics and free-space laser beam propagation. Novel concepts and designs have been continuously proposed and demonstrated by global researchers to explore approaches circumventing the aforementioned limitations. This Research Topic aims to provide a comprehensive view of the latest advances in solid state laser development along with the most recent new applications.
After the initiating of this Research Topic, 8 high-quality papers has been accepted for publication, which are representative of the broad range of technology advances that this Research Topic strives to facilitate, and we trust readers will find them stimulating and enlightening. We are thankful to all authors and reviewers for their excellent contributions. We would also like to thank the Frontiers staff for their outstanding work throughout the launch of this Research Topic as well as the review and production processes.
High quality robust mid-infrared laser has broad scientific and practical application value, which can be achieved by optical parametric oscillator through pumping nonlinear frequency crystal with near-infrared solid state laser [1–3]. The 2.79 μm Er,Cr:YSGG crystal has been proven to be a high efficiency flash-lamp pumped laser medium [4], and Jiang et al. has designed a new type of lithium niobate (LiNbO3) acousto-optic Q-switched Er,Cr:YSGG laser with pliane-convex resonator, where the laser performance has been improved significantly. When the laser operated at free running region, the maximum values of pulse energy was 160 mJ at 60 Hz, compared with the plane-parallel resonator, the pulse energy was increased by 2 times in the plane-convex resonator. When the LiNbO3 Q-switched laser operated at 60 Hz, the maximum pulse energy was 8.5 mJ, and the minimum pulse duration was 60.8 ns, which generates the corresponding peak power of approximately 140 kW.
Fiber lasers and amplifiers are important branch of solid-state laser, which has attracted more and more attention since their inception, both as stand-alone sources and as parts for more complex lasers and systems [5]. Four articles on high power fiber lasers and their applications appear in this Research Topic. Fiber materials are at the core of the technology [6], and consequently fiber materials and its design continues to be central to this article group. An et al. focus on a common phenomenon in the modified-chemical-vapor-deposition-fabricated fibers, and present a numerical analysis of the dip effect on high-power-related parameters for the first time, which reveled that the dip offers a flexible way to suppress the non-linear effects and filter the higher-order modes by optimizing the dip parameters. The next two papers addressed the transverse mode instability (TMI), since this represent one of the primary obstacles to power scaling fiber laser systems with diffraction-limited beam quality [7, 8]. Chai et al. demonstrate a direct pump modulation to mitigate TMI in a 30 μm-core-diameter all-fiber laser oscillator while Lu et al. propose to mitigate TMI by controllable mode beating excitation with a photonic lantern, which increased the TMI threshold by nearly four times. Narrow linewidth fiber lasers are a hot Research Topic in fiber laser area [9, 10], and the last paper from Chu et al. reported a 3-kW PM fiber laser at <10 GHz linewidth with the polarization extinction ratio of 96% and beam quality of 1.156, which is the highest output power ever reported with approximately 10 GHz linewidth.
Optical vortices, finding a growing number of applications ranging from industrial laser machining to optical communications, have aroused ever-increasing interest among both scientific and engineering communities [11, 12], which opens new application avenue for the solid-state lasers. The next group of papers in this Research Topic focused on “generating of optical vortices.” Lin et al. design a folded resonant cavity to generate a helicity and topological charge tunable vortex laser, and the HGθm,0 beam (m = 1 to 10 and θ = −90°–90°]) and the vortex beam (topological charge l from ±1 to ±10 and left/right helicity) were flexibly achieved. Li et al. investigated the power scaling of optical vortices, and reported 1.89 kW cylindrical vector beams by metasurface extra-cavity conversion of a narrow linewidth all-fiber linearly-polarized laser, which is the highest power of cylindrical vector beams generated from fiber laser.
The remaining one paper in this Research Topic is about one of the key technology in high power solid-state lasers-adaptive optics technology [13]. In the adaptive optics control of high-power laser systems, an indispensable part is deformable mirrors, which are commonly used as the corrector to correct wavefront aberration, and suffer performance degradation under high-power laser irradiation [14]. Zheng et al. introduce the dual magnetic connection deformable mirrors, which could effectively suppress the laser-induced distortion and maintain good wavefront correction capability.
In summary, one can see that significant progress has been made in high power solid-state laser area, and more and more exciting applications are expected in the future. This Research Topic collects the latest breakthrough of the community working in these fields, showing the still vivid and inspiring development of high power solid-state laser.
Author contributions
RT: Writing-original draft. OA: Writing-original draft. PM: Writing-original draft. HM: Writing-original draft.
Funding
The author(s) declare that no financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
Publisher’s note
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article, or claim that may be made by its manufacturer, is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
References
2. Antipov O, Kositsyin R, Kal’yanov D, Kolker D, Larin S. 3.9-μm optical parametric oscillator based on MgO:PPLN pumped at 1966 nm using a high-repetition-rate Tm3+:Lu2O3 ceramic laser. In: 2017 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe and European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC); 25-29 June 2017; Munich, Germany (2017). paper CD_P_50.
3. Antipov O. Wavelength tuned mid-IR lasers based on single-crystalline or polycrystalline Cr2+-doped ZnSe with 1.9-2.1 μm pumping. In: International Conference Laser Optics (ICLO); 20-24 June 2022; Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation (2022).
4. Zhang H, Li YL, Wu QT. 2.79 μm LGS electro-optical Q-switched Er,Cr:YSGG laser. Opt Commun (2022) 503:127448. doi:10.1016/j.optcom.2021.127448
5. Jauregui C, Limpert J, Tünnermann A. High-power fibre lasers. Nat Photon (2013) 7:861–7. doi:10.1038/nphoton.2013.273
6. Chen X, Yao T, Huang L, An Y, Wu HS, Pan Z, et al. Functional fibers and functional fiber based components for high-power lasers. Adv Fiber Mater (2023) 5:59–106. doi:10.1007/s42765-022-00219-7
7. Tao RM, Wang XL, Zhou P. Comprehensive theoretical study of mode instability in high-power fiber lasers by employing a universal model and its implications. IEEE J Sel Top Quan Electron (2018) 24:1–19. doi:10.1109/jstqe.2018.2811909
8. Jauregui C, Stihler C, Limpert J. Transverse mode instability. Adv Opt Photon (2020) 12:429–84. doi:10.1364/aop.385184
9. Ma PF, Yao TF, Chen YS, Wang GJ, Ren S, Song J, et al. New progress of high-power narrow-linewidth fiber lasers. Proc SPIE (2022) 12310:123100E. doi:10.1117/12.2643929
10. Zhou P, Ma PF, Liu W, Xiao H, Ren S, Song J, et al. High power, narrow linewidth all-fiber amplifiers. Proc SPIE (2022) 11981:119810P. doi:10.1117/12.2614414
11. Zhi D, Hou TY, Ma PF, Ma YX, Zhou P, Tao R, et al. Comprehensive investigation on producing high-power orbital angular momentum beams by coherent combining technology. High Power Laser Sci Eng (2019) 7:e33. doi:10.1017/hpl.2019.17
12. Yu J, Zhang P, Ruffato G, Lin D. Editorial: optical vortices: generation and detection. Front Phys (2022) 10:1026004. doi:10.3389/fphy.2022.1026004
Keywords: solid-state lasers, fiber lasers, high power, adaptive optics-instrumentation, mid-IR laser systems
Citation: Tao R, Antipov O, Ma P and Ma H (2023) Editorial: Advanced high power solid-state laser technology. Front. Phys. 11:1325238. doi: 10.3389/fphy.2023.1325238
Received: 20 October 2023; Accepted: 01 November 2023;
Published: 21 November 2023.
Edited and reviewed by:
Lorenzo Pavesi, University of Trento, ItalyCopyright © 2023 Tao, Antipov, Ma and Ma. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
*Correspondence: Rumao Tao, c3VwZXJ0YW96aGlAMTYzLmNvbQ==; Oleg Antipov, b2xlZ19hbnRpcG92QHlhaG9vLmNvbQ==; Pengfei Ma, U2hhbmRhcGVuZ2ZlaUAxMjYuY29t; Haotong Ma, bWFoYW90b25nQDE2My5jb20=