Dan Cristian Vodnar
Joachim Venus
Laurent Dufossé- 1Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- 2Department of Bioengineering, Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), Potsdam, Germany
- 3Université de la Réunion, CHEMBIOPRO Lab, ESIROI agroalimentaire, Saint-Denis, France
Editorial on the Research Topic
Recent Advances in Microbial Biotechnology for the Food Industry
The progress made in the food industry by the development of applicative engineering and biotechnologies is impressive and many of the advances are oriented to solve the world crisis in a constantly growing population (Călinoiu et al., 2018). Microorganisms possess an impressive role in supporting life, either separate or in consortia, by producing numerous useful molecules (Mitrea et al., 2017; Martău et al., 2021). Therefore, the goal of the present Research Topic was to tackle the in situ microbial production by de novo biosynthesis of value-added compounds, such as flavors (vanillin), omega 3 (DHA), organic acids, etc., emergent for the food industry, and their characterization. The accent was on the substrate used, as well on the performance of the microbial process, and different ways for process downstream.
Several industries have exploited the biochemical capability of microorganisms to synthesize, metabolize and transform valuable substances as one of the most popular topics deals with the increasing demand for natural aromas, colorants, flavoring agents and food additives. According to the literature, besides the extraction and isolation from natural material sources, which is not able to supply the demand, has a low yield and is not cost-effective (Zhou et al., 2019), the natural aromas are generated also by enzymatically biotransformation of precursors and de novo synthesis by microorganisms (Paulino et al., 2021). Moreover, the microbial engineering generates impressive yields and satisfied the consumers' needs as they are considered “natural.” The biotransformation approach requires the presence of specific enzymes, whereas immobilized enzymes are the most efficient toward industrial molecules bioproduction. In the study of Varga et al., one of the contributing article to the present Special Issue, the enzymes immobilization strategy used was based on the recombinant poly-His-tag fused enzymes on metal-chelated carriers for reducing the carbonyl compounds to their corresponding alcohols. The authors succeded to convert 61% of the acetophenone to (S)-1-phenylethanol by recombinant alcohol dehydrogenase (RrADH) from Rhodococcus ruber, and 88% of the trans-2-hexenal to trans-2-hexenol by recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae alcohol dehydrogenase (ScADH1) with simultaneous NADH regeneration by recombinant Candida boidinii formate dehydrogenase (FDH).
Industrial by-products are certainly an economical source of natural compounds (Vodnar et al., 2017; Mitrea et al., 2020; Ştefănescu et al., 2020) (e.g., polyphenols, carotenoids, sterols, tocopherols, vitamins, or dietary fiber), and recovery and recycling of these wastes via microbial route may contribute toward the sustainability of the industrial and food sectors. Waste bioconversion represents a supportive strategy in the current waste crisis and massive pollution of our planet. Moreover, their bioconversion may contribute to obtaining several value-added compounds, such as organic acids, omega 3, short-chain fatty acids, flavor agents, functional exopolysaccharides, nutraceuticals. In the Special Issue-derived contributing study of Patel et al., volatile fatty acids generated during the anaerobic digestion of food waste were used as a feedstock for specific microalgae in order to produce valuable lipids, such as polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and saturated fatty acids (SFA). In the another contributing article, Fan et al. successfully purified the functional fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) from crude preparations by employing a probiotic bacteria fed-batch fermentation process demonstrating the selective consumption of carbon sources by probiotic microorganisms in a mixture of monosaccharides and oligosaccharides substrate. The use of microorganisms for value-added compounds production has received increasing attention, as complex natural products can be delivered from inexpensive raw materials on industrial scale (Călinoiu et al., 2019), like is the case of fermented dairy products. In the mini-review of Widyastuti et al. the lactobacilli (genus Lactiplantibacillus) health-promoting effects in dairy fermentation was critically revised, whereas the bioactive peptides production by lactobacilli and their probiotic status were demonstrated to be the most important features in human health.
On the other side, a major attention in food industry is focused on food poisoning with has direct impact on human health. Among the microorganisms responsible for food poisoning, Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most common, whereas the sequence typing analysis for identifying the isolates and the enterotoxins produced are the latest topics explored in this field. In the study of Lv et al., the molecular characteristics, involving genotypes, resistance profile and enterotoxigenic status of Staphylococcus aureus, from food samples and food poisoning outbreaks in Shijiazhuang, China, was investigated. This contributing study explained the prevalence, contamination and transmission of foodborne S. aureus in food infections based on the epidemic characteristics.
The present Research Topic encouraged the submission of high-quality research articles and reviews covering the most recent advances in microbial biotechnology for the food industry. Building upon findings published in the recent Topic Microbial Biotechnology Providing Bio-based Components for the Food Industry, we wished to emphasize the industrial application potential, in particular the current progress, actual concerns in the biotechnological field, and success of very recent technologies, such as bioengineering and fermentation.
Author Contributions
DV and LD designed and wrote the editorial with contributions from JV. All authors contributed to the article and approved the submitted version.
Conflict of Interest
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
Publisher's Note
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article, or claim that may be made by its manufacturer, is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
Acknowledgments
We would like to thank the authors and reviewers for their valuable contributions and constructive criticisms to this special issue.
References
Călinoiu, L.F., Cătoi, A.-F., and Vodnar, D.C. (2019) Solid-state yeast fermented wheat and oat bran as a route for delivery of antioxidants. Antioxidants 8:372. doi: 10.3390/antiox8090372
Călinoiu, L. F., Mitrea, L., Precup, G., Bindea, M., Rusu, B., Szabo, K., et al. (2018). “Sustainable use of agro-industrial wastes for feeding 10 billion people by 2050,” in Professionals in Food Chains (Wageningen: Wageningen Academic Publishers), 482–486. ISBN 978-90-8686-321-1.
Martău, G.A., Călinoiu, L.-F., and Vodnar, D.C. (2021). Bio-Vanillin: towards a sustainable industrial production. Trends Food Sci. Technol. 109, 579–592. doi: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.01.059
Mitrea, L., Călinoiu, L.-F., Martău, G.-A., Szabo, K., Teleky, B.-E., and Mureşan, V. (2020) Poly(Vinyl Alcohol)-based biofilms plasticized with polyols colored with pigments extracted from tomato by-products. Polymers 12:532. doi: 10.3390/polym12030532.
Mitrea, L., Calinoiu, L.-F., Precup, G., Bindea, M., Rusu, B., Trif, M., et al. (2017). Isolated microorganisms for bioconversion of biodiesel-derived glycerol into 1,3-propanediol. Bull. Univ. Agric. Sci. Vet. Med. Cluj-Napoca-Food Sci. Technol. 74, 43–49. doi: 10.15835/buasvmcn-fst:0014
Paulino, B.N., Sales, A., Felipe, L., Pastore, G.M., Molina, G., and Bicas, J.L. (2021) Recent advances in the microbial and enzymatic production of aroma compounds. Curr. Opin. Food Sci. 37, 98–106. doi: 10.1016/j.cofs.2020.09.010
Ştefănescu, B.-E., Călinoiu, L.F., Ranga, F., Fetea, F., Mocan, A., and Vodnar, D.C. (2020) Chemical composition and biological activities of the nord-west romanian wild Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) Lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) and leaves. Antioxidants 9:495. doi: 10.3390/antiox9060495.
Vodnar, D.C., Călinoiu, L.F., Dulf, F.V., Stefănescu, B.E., Crişan, G., and Socaciu, C. (2017) Identification of the bioactive compounds and antioxidant, antimutagenic and antimicrobial activities of thermally processed agro-industrial waste. Food Chem. 231, 131–140. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.03.131
Keywords: in situ microbial fermentation, value-added compound, flavor, omega-3, Lactobacillus, fructo-oligosaccharide, immobilized microbial enzyme, food waste valorization
Citation: Vodnar DC, Venus J and Dufossé L (2021) Editorial: Recent Advances in Microbial Biotechnology for the Food Industry. Front. Microbiol. 12:746636. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.746636
Received: 24 July 2021; Accepted: 07 September 2021;
Published: 27 September 2021.
Edited by:
Giovanna Suzzi, University of Teramo, ItalyReviewed by:
Rosanna Tofalo, University of Teramo, ItalyCopyright © 2021 Vodnar, Venus and Dufossé. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
*Correspondence: Laurent Dufossé, laurent.dufosse@univ-reunion.fr