This article is a commentary on:
Genome Sequence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus VP152 Strain Isolated from Penaeus indicus in Malaysia
Theodore Allnutt
Chrystine Zou Yi Yan
Tamsyn M. Crowley1,2,5
Han Ming Gan- 1Bioinformatics Core Research Group, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- 2School of Medicine, Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- 3School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
- 4Genomics Facility, Tropical and Biology Multidisciplinary Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
- 5Poultry Hub Australia, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
- 6Centre for Integrative, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
A commentary on
Genome Sequence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus VP152 Strain Isolated from Penaeus indicus in Malaysia
by Letchumanan, V., Ser, H.-L., Tan, W.-S., Ab Mutalib, N.-S., Goh, B.-H., Chan, K.-G., et al. (2016). Front. Microbiol. 7:1410. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01410
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a marine gram negative bacterium that has been gaining significant attention in the shrimp aquaculture industry given its direct association with early mortality syndrome (EMS) or acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) in shrimps (Soto-Rodriguez et al., 2015). Despite its significant threat to the industry, the genomic representation of shrimp-associated V. parahaemolyticus isolated from Malaysia or South East Asia in general is relatively low (Kondo et al., 2014; Yang et al., 2014; Foo et al., 2017). Letchumanan and colleagues recently reported the draft genome of V. parahaemolyticus VP152 isolated from a banana prawn in Malaysia (Letchumanan et al., 2016b). Strain VP152 was sequenced on the Illumina MiSeq and its whole genome sequence was deposited in DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank under the accession number and Bioproject ID of LCUL01000000 and PRJNA281142, respectively.
The G+C content for strain VP152 was reported to be 53.4% which is substantially higher than the average G+C content of V. parahaemolyticus (~45%) (Kondo et al., 2014; Yang et al., 2014; Foo et al., 2017). A similarity search of house-keeping genes coded in the genome of strain VP152 showed best hits to members of the genus Citrobacter (data not shown). A subsequent phylogenomic analysis using PhyloPhlAN (Segata et al., 2013) clustered strain VP152 with members of the genus Citrobacter with strong SH-like local branch support (Figure 1A). In addition, similar to several Citrobacter strains, when searched against the complete genome of V. parahaemolyticus ATCC 17802T, strain VP152 exhibited only modest genomic region with significant nucleotide homology to the V. parahaemolyticus reference genome (Figure 1B) (Alikhan et al., 2011). It is also worth noting that V. parahaemolyticus strain VP103 deposited in DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank under the accession number LBDB01000000 reported by the same group in a different data report (Letchumanan et al., 2016a) also showed the same phylogenomic affiliation to the genus Citrobacter instead of Vibrio.
FIGURE 1
Figure 1. Potential misidentification of strain VP152 to the genus Vibrio as revealed by phylogenomic analysis and whole genome nucleotide comparison with V. parahaemolyticus ATCC 17802T. (A) Maximum likelihood tree constructed from the concatenated alignment of 400 universal proteins. The tree was rooted with members of the genus Novosphingobium as the outgroup. Node values indicate SH-like local branch support as implemented in FastTree2 and scale bar indicates the number of amino acid changes per site. (B) Whole genome comparisons of various Vibrio and Citrobacter strains against the complete genome of V. parahaemolyticus ATCC 17802T. Regions exhibiting significant homology (BLASTN with an E-value cut-off of 1E−7) were colored based on strain label.
Furthermore, a search in the NCBI bioproject database revealed that C. amalonaticus YG6 and C. amalonaticus YG8 with the Bioproject IDs of PRJNA292629 and PRJNA292637, respectively, were also sequenced by the same institute. This observation in addition to the monophyletic clustering of strains VP103 and VP152 with the two Citrobacter strains suggest potential sample mislabeling or barcode index misassignment during library preparation or sequencing.
Unfortunately, the authors did not describe any methodology associated with genome-based in-silico bacterial species validation in the data report to allow us to reproduce the identification of strain VP152 to the species V. parahaemolyticus. Given that the genome analysis of V. parahaemolyticus strain VP152 was based on the genome of a distantly related genus e.g. Citrobacter, it is unlikely that the biology interpretation in addition to the genome sequence reported in this study will be useful to the genomic study of V. parahaemolyticus or more generally the genus Vibrio.
Author Contributions
HG, TA, TC, and CY performed data analysis. HG wrote the manuscript. All authors proofread the manuscript.
Funding
This research was supported by the Malaysian Ministry of Education (grant code FRGS/1/2016/STG05/MUSM/03/1) and by the Monash University Malaysia Tropical and Medicine Biology Multidisciplinary Platform (grant code 5140754-313).
Conflict of Interest Statement
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
References
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Letchumanan, V., Ser, H.-L., Tan, W.-S., Ab Mutalib, N.-S., Goh, B.-H., Chan, K.-G., et al. (2016b). Genome sequence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus VP152 strain isolated from Penaeus indicus in Malaysia. Front. Microbiol. 7:1410. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01410
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Soto-Rodriguez, S. A., Gomez-Gil, B., Lozano-Olvera, R., Betancourt-Lozano, M., and Morales-Covarrubias, M. S. (2015). Field and experimental evidence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus as the causative agent of acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease of cultured shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) in Northwestern Mexico. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 81, 1689–1699. doi: 10.1128/AEM.03610-14
Yang, Y.-T., Chen, I. T., Lee, C.-T., Chen, C.-Y., Lin, S.-S., Hor, L.-I., et al. (2014). Draft Genome Sequences of four strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus, three of which cause early mortality syndrome/acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease in shrimp in China and Thailand. Genome Announc. 2:e00816-14. doi: 10.1128/genomeA.00816-14
Keywords: Vibrio parahaemolyticus, taxonomy, genomics, shrimp, South East Asia
Citation: Allnutt T, Yan CZY, Crowley TM and Gan HM (2018) Commentary: Genome Sequence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus VP152 Strain Isolated From Penaeus indicus in Malaysia. Front. Microbiol. 9:865. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00865
Received: 08 August 2017; Accepted: 13 April 2018;
Published: 01 May 2018.
Edited by:
Javier Carballo, University of Vigo, SpainReviewed by:
Adrian Canizalez-Roman, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, MexicoLuigi Orrù, Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'analisi Dell'economia Agraria (CREA), Italy
Elvira Barroso, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Spain
Copyright © 2018 Allnutt, Yan, Crowley and Gan. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
*Correspondence: Han Ming Gan, han.gan@deakin.edu.au