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ORIGINAL RESEARCH article

Front. Immunol.
Sec. T Cell Biology
Volume 15 - 2024 | doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1503788
This article is part of the Research Topic Deciphering the Immunoglobulin (IG) and T cell Receptor (TR) Loci, Genes and Alleles in Genomes of Jawed Vertebrates View all 3 articles

Annotation and Characterization of Immunoglobulin Loci and CDR3 Polymorphism in water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)

Provisionally accepted
Yunlan Deng Yunlan Deng 1Fengli Wu Fengli Wu 1,2Qianqian Li Qianqian Li 1Lidie Yao Lidie Yao 1Chengzhi Yang Chengzhi Yang 1Long Ma Long Ma 1Xinsheng Yao Xinsheng Yao 1Jun Li Jun Li 1*
  • 1 Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
  • 2 Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

    Immunoglobulin (Ig) refers to the nomenclature for all antibody proteins produced by B lymphocytes. The genetic locus encoding Ig is critical for vertebrate humoral immune responses and diverse antibody repertoires. Despite the critical role of buffaloes as livestock and their significance in disease transmission, the Ig loci of this species have not been thoroughly annotated. We investigated the genetic structure and function of Ig loci in buffaloes, focusing on their unique characteristics and implications for Ig heavy chains (IgH) CDR3 repertoire. The IgH locus spans approximately 667 kb on chromosome 20, containing two D-J-C clusters, 54 VH genes, 10 DH genes, 8 JH genes, and 9 CH genes. The Igκ locus, located on chromosome 12, encompasses 24 Vκ genes, 5 Jκ genes, and 1 Cκ gene, while the Igλ locus on chromosome 17 includes 71 Vλ genes, 3 Jλ genes, and 3 Cλ genes. We also conducted a detailed examination of the buffalo IgH CDR3 repertoire, revealing the presence of ultra-long CDR3 sequences, a biased usage of certain V genes, and a high-frequency usage of IgHJ1-4 genes. Furthermore, we identified a set of shared clonotypes across the samples, highlighting commonalities in the buffalo antibody repertoire. These findings contribute to the understanding of buffalo immune function and provide insights into the evolution and diversity of ruminant immunoglobulin genes.

    Keywords: Buffalo, immunoglobulin, CDR3 repertoire, ultra-long CDR3 sequences, V(D)J Recombination

    Received: 29 Sep 2024; Accepted: 30 Dec 2024.

    Copyright: © 2024 Deng, Wu, Li, Yao, Yang, Ma, Yao and Li. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

    * Correspondence: Jun Li, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China

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