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CORRECTION article

Front. Immunol., 27 October 2021
Sec. Microbial Immunology
Volume 12 - 2021 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.780758

Corrigendum: To the Skin and Beyond: The Immune Response to African Trypanosomes as They Enter and Exit the Vertebrate Host

This article is a correction to:

  1. To the Skin and Beyond: The Immune Response to African Trypanosomes as They Enter and Exit the Vertebrate Host

    1. Read original article
Omar A. AlfituriOmar A. Alfituri1Juan F. QuintanaJuan F. Quintana2Annette MacLeodAnnette MacLeod2Paul GarsidePaul Garside2Robert A. BensonRobert A. Benson2James M. BrewerJames M. Brewer2Neil A. MabbottNeil A. Mabbott1Liam J. MorrisonLiam J. Morrison1Paul Capewell*Paul Capewell3*
  • 1Roslin Institute, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
  • 2Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
  • 3College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom

A Corrigendum on:
To the Skin and Beyond: The Immune Response to African Trypanosomes as They Enter and Exit the Vertebrate Host

by Alfituri OA, Quintana JF, MacLeod A, Garside P, Benson RA, Brewer JM, Mabbott NA, Morrison LJ and Capewell P (2020). Front. Immunol. 11:1250. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01250

In the original article, there was a mistake in Figure 1 as published. Panel C had an incorrectly orientated lymph node schema. The corrected Figure 1 appears below.

FIGURE 1
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Figure 1 The skin, draining lymphatics, and lymph nodes. (A) Diagram of the cellular composition of the epidermal, dermal, and subcutaneous layers of mammalian skin. The outermost epidermal layer consists of a layer of corneocytes above a layer of keratinocytes. These cells manage the tight junctions and the stratum corneum. Langerhans cells and intraepithelial T cells survey the epidermis for antigen to be presented. The central dermal layer contains fibroblasts that produce extracellular matrix proteins to provide structural support and elasticity. Immune responses are initiated by dermal macrophages, dermal dendritic cells, NK cells, and T cells. The inner subcutaneous layer primarily consists of adipocytes. Local lymphatic and blood vessels allow for the trafficking of cells, proteins, and waste. The initial tsetse fly bite injects trypanosomes into the dermis. From the dermis, the parasites exhibit tropism that leads to migration toward the afferent lymph vessels in the skin disseminating to the blood and other regions of the body. (B) The mechanism behind directional migration of trypanosomes from the skin to the lymphatics is unknown. Parasites may be responding to an unreported chemical cue in a chemotactic manner and they may crawl along lymph vessels, access open junctions, or are drawn into the lymphatics through hydrodynamic flow force and pressure. (C) Afferent lymphatic vessels in the skin allow for the drainage of leukocytes and antigen into the draining lymph node. Lymph, containing activated T and B cells, plasma cells, and antibody, passes into the medullary sinus, before exiting via efferent lymphatic vessels. Trypanosomes enter the draining lymph nodes, causing lymphadenopathy, and exit via the efferent lymphatics. Systemic dissemination of the host is reached via the main lymphatic ducts. The figure uses art adapted from material provided by Servier Medical Art under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).

The authors apologize for this error and state that this does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way. The original article has been updated.

Publisher’s Note

All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article, or claim that may be made by its manufacturer, is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.

Keywords: African trypanosomiasis, Trypanosoma brucei, skin, transmission, innate immunity, neglected tropical disease

Citation: Alfituri OA, Quintana JF, MacLeod A, Garside P, Benson RA, Brewer JM, Mabbott NA, Morrison LJ and Capewell P (2021) Corrigendum: To the Skin and Beyond: The Immune Response to African Trypanosomes as They Enter and Exit the Vertebrate Host. Front. Immunol. 12:780758. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.780758

Received: 21 September 2021; Accepted: 11 October 2021;
Published: 27 October 2021.

Edited and reviewed by:

Yasuyuki Goto, The University of Tokyo, Japan

Copyright © 2021 Alfituri, Quintana, MacLeod, Garside, Benson, Brewer, Mabbott, Morrison and Capewell. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

*Correspondence: Paul Capewell, cGF1bC5jYXBld2VsbEBnbGFzZ293LmFjLnVr

Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.