This article is a correction to:
Specific Antibody Deficiency: Controversies in Diagnosis and Management
Elena Perez
Francisco A. Bonilla
Jordan S. Orange
Mark Ballow4
- 1Allergy Associates of the Palm Beaches, North Palm Beach, FL, United States
- 2Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- 3Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- 4Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University of South Florida, Saint Petersburg, FL, United States
A corrigendum on
Error in Table and Table Legend
In the original article there were mistakes in Table 3 regarding the numbers of protective titers (> and < were used instead of ≥ and ≤), and units of protective titers were described in mg/mL instead of μg/mL. Specific antibody deficiency phenotypes are correctly described as in Table 3 below. In addition, the acknowledgment of the original source of the data in the footnote has been amended to include that the article was reprinted from J Allergy Clin Immunol, 130, Copyright (2012). The correct footnote appears below.
TABLE 3
Table 3. Summary of deficient response phenotypes to the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23), with permission from Ref. (35)*.
Text Corrections
In the original article, there were errors in the text where the erroneous parameters from Table 3 were described. A serotype-specific protective level of 1.3 mg/mL in response to pneumococcal vaccination was discussed; the correct level is 1.3 µg/mL. This correction has been made to the section on Diagnostic Thresholds and Controversies in Response to Polysaccharide Vaccines in the Diagnosis of SAD, paragraph one. In the same paragraph, ‘of’ has been changed to ‘and’ in the third sentence:
‘Specific antibody deficiency (SAD) is normally diagnosed by determining the ability to generate protective titers in response to pneumococcal vaccines (12); however, it is important to note that the definition of a protective titer is not uniform and may vary depending on the nature of the vaccine (12, 34, 35). A serotype-specific level of 1.3 µg/mL has been considered protective with respect to invasive disease following polysaccharide immunization (35, 36), and other studies have shown that levels of 0.35 µg/mL were deemed to provide protection against invasive pneumococcal infections following immunization with a conjugate pneumococcal vaccine (37). However, these studies are based on small cohorts and protective levels in response to pneumococcal vaccination and should be interpreted with caution (38). Furthermore, the level of specific antibody necessary to provide protection against infection in spaces such as the sinuses and middle ear has not been established.’
Patients with a moderate SAD phenotype were described in the original article as those who ‘produce protective titers to more than three serotypes’; the correct number is ‘three or more serotypes’. These corrections have been made to the section on Considerations for Severity of Deficiency in Response to Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Challenge, paragraph one:
‘Although controversies exist regarding the definition of a protective titer, guidelines from a working group report were developed using the best evidence currently available to describe the diagnosis of mild, moderate, severe, and memory phenotypes of deficient response, based on response to PPSV23 (Table 3) (35). Patients with a mild phenotype have multiple serotypes to which they did not generate protective titers or were unable to increase titers twofold. Patients with a moderate phenotype produce protective titers to three or more serotypes but to <50% of serotypes for those under 6 years of age or <70% of serotypes for those over 6 years of age. A severe phenotype is described as producing protective titers against two or fewer serotypes, and those protective titers generated tend to be low. Patients with a memory phenotype of deficient responses initially mount an adequate response to vaccination but do not sustain the response beyond 6 months. It is important to note that pure polysaccharide vaccines invoke a T-cell-independent response and as such do not generate a long-lived memory B-cell response (although they can boost them if the patient has previously received a conjugate vaccine); the term “memory phenotype” refers to patients who lose an adequate response to PPSV23 more quickly than usual.’
The authors apologize for these errors and state that they do not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way. The original article was updated.
Conflict of Interest Statement
EP has consulted for CSL Behring, Baxalta/Shire, and Grifols and has received royalties from UptoDate. FB has consulted for CSL Behring, Grifols, and Shire. JO has consulted for CSL Behring, Grifols, ADMA Biologics, and Shire and lectured for Shire. MB has lectured and participated in advisory boards for CSL Behring, Shire, and Grifols and acted on Data Safety Monitoring Boards for Kedrion, CSL Behring, Green Cross, and Prometic.
References
12. Bonilla FA, Khan DA, Ballas ZK, Chinen J, Frank MM, Hsu JT, et al. Practice parameter for the diagnosis and management of primary immunodeficiency. J Allergy Clin Immunol (2015) 136(5):1186–205. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2015.04.049
34. Sorensen RU, Leiva LE, Javier FC III, Sacerdote DM, Bradford N, Butler B, et al. Influence of age on the response to Streptococcus pneumoniae vaccine in patients with recurrent infections and normal immunoglobulin concentrations. J Allergy Clin Immunol (1998) 102(2):215–21. doi:10.1016/S0091-6749(98)70089-2
35. Orange JS, Ballow M, Stiehm ER, Ballas ZK, Chinen J, De La Morena M, et al. Use and interpretation of diagnostic vaccination in primary immunodeficiency: a working group report of the basic and clinical immunology interest section of the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. J Allergy Clin Immunol (2012) 130(3 Suppl):S1–24. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2012.07.002
36. Go ES, Ballas ZK. Anti-pneumococcal antibody response in normal subjects: a meta-analysis. J Allergy Clin Immunol (1996) 98(1):205–15. doi:10.1016/S0091-6749(96)70244-0
Keywords: specific antibody deficiency, antibody deficiency, treatment, diagnosis, immunoglobulin replacement therapy, pneumococcal vaccines, primary immunodeficiency
Citation: Perez E, Bonilla FA, Orange JS and Ballow M (2018) Corrigendum: Specific Antibody Deficiency: Controversies in Diagnosis and Management. Front. Immunol. 9:450. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00450
Received: 13 February 2018; Accepted: 20 February 2018;
Published: 15 March 2018
Edited and Reviewed by: Antonio Condino-Neto, University of São Paulo, Brazil
Copyright: © 2018 Perez, Bonilla, Orange and Ballow. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
*Correspondence: Elena Perez, eperez@pballergy.com