Aleksandra Klisic
Dimitrios Patoulias
Esma R. Isenovic- 1Department for Biochemistry, University of Montenegro-Faculty of Medicine, Podgorica, Montenegro
- 2Center for Laboratory Diagnostics, Primary Health Care Center, Podgorica, Montenegro
- 3Outpatient Department of Cardiometabolic Medicine, Second Department of Cardiology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, General Hospital “Hippokration”, Thessaloniki, Greece
- 4Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
Editorial on the Research Topic
Oxidative stress and inflammation in cardiometabolic disorders
Obesity and obesity-related illnesses, such as metabolic syndrome (MetS), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), are becoming increasingly prominent around the world (1, 2). These disorders are linked and share common pathophysiological characteristics, including dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, systemic low-grade inflammation, and oxidative stress (3, 4).
The imbalance between the antioxidant defence system and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species affects the function and structure of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Furthermore, the deregulation of adipose tissue-secreted cytokines and adipokines influences insulin signaling pathways, resulting in a vicious cycle of inflammation/oxidative stress and cardiometabolic diseases (5, 6).
This Research Topic investigated current trends and breakthroughs in cardiometabolic illnesses, focusing on identifying novel diagnostic/prognostic/therapeutic biomarkers for these conditions.
Teaney and Cyr provided an intriguing narrative review on the potential role of Forkhead box O1 (FoxO1) protein in the pathogenesis of T2D, its expression in various tissues and organs commonly affected by T2D, and, most importantly, its potential role as a therapeutic target in the most impactful metabolic disease to date. However, no substantial evidence demonstrates that targeting FoxO1 has a therapeutic advantage for T2D patients. As a result, additional research is needed to answer this highly intriguing research hypothesis.
In a nationwide prospective study, Qian et al. examined the utility of a simple and cost-effective algorithm, Mets-IR, which integrates body mass index (BMI) and common laboratory indicators such as fasting blood glucose, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). They confirmed its link to an increased risk of stroke and cardiovascular disease, demonstrating that low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) mediates these relationships. This implies that improving insulin sensitivity and lipid regulation could be necessary preventive measures for cardiovascular diseases/events.
Bariatric surgery and medication treatment are additional alternatives for treating obesity-related diseases if weight-loss programs and physical exercise fail to provide desired outcomes as the first line of treatment (7, 8).
Butler et al. conducted a cross-sectional analysis at a 12-year follow-up of obese individuals with and without a history of Roux-en-Y bariatric surgery. The results indicated a statistically significant improvement in cardiometabolic parameters of interest for the bariatric surgery group. The hepatokine, adipokine, and myokine markers of body homeostasis, which were not fully normalized, showed that they were still fat despite that improvement, as per the pertinent studies carried out by the study group.
Kwon et al. showed that treatment with orlistat plus phentermine, as opposed to placebo plus phentermine, was associated with a significant improvement in oxysterol metabolism, as evidenced by the significant decrease in serum levels of sterols, free cholesterol, sitosterol, 7α-hydroxycholesterol (7α-OHC), and 7β-OHC at 12 weeks in the 12-week randomized, double-blind, controlled trial that enrolled obese individuals. These results are relevant because they highlight the critical role oxysterol plays in the onset and progression of atherosclerosis and because people with preexisting obesity bear a disproportionately high risk of cardiovascular disease.
In a mouse model of NAFLD, semaglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 agonist, improved liver outcomes, pro-inflammatory biomarkers, body weight, and metabolic parameters. Niu et al. revealed that semaglutide inhibited the upregulation of multiple pro-inflammatory factors and reduced (but did not normalize) hepatic inflammation.
This Research Topic summarizes the current methods for managing cardiometabolic risk and disease. It also offers some treatment options for lowering obesity and cardiometabolic risk and some straightforward, affordable, and easily accessible diagnostics and prognostic indices that include laboratory biomarkers and anthropometric indices. More studies are required to confirm these findings and enhance the prognostic, therapeutic, and diagnostic approaches for these conditions.
Author contributions
AK: Writing – original draft. DP: Writing – review & editing. EI: Writing – review & editing.
Funding
The author(s) declare financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.This work was partially funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Innovation of Montenegro and the Ministry of Science Technological Development and Innovation of the Republic of Serbia (Contract No#451-03-66/2024-03/200017).
Acknowledgments
We thank all the authors who responded to the call for papers and reviewers who constructed comments on the manuscripts that contributed significantly to the quality of the peer-review process. Most importantly, we thank the Frontiers in Endocrinology staff for their editorial assistance throughout the preparation of this Research Topic.
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
Publisher’s note
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References
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2. Quek J, Chan KE, Wong ZY, Tan C, Tan B, Lim WH, et al. Global prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in the overweight and obese population: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. (2023) 8:20–30. doi: 10.1016/S2468-1253(22)00317-X
3. Klisic A, Ahmad R, Haddad D, Bonomini F, Sindhu S. Editorial: the role of oxidative stress in metabolic and inflammatory diseases. Front Endocrinol. (2024) 15:1374584. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1374584
4. Mitrovic B, Gluvic ZM, Obradovic M, Radunovic M, Rizzo M, Banach M, et al. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes mellitus: where do we stand today? Arch Med Sci. (2022) 19:884–94. doi: 10.5114/aoms/150639
5. Suren Garg S, Kushwaha K, Dubey R, Gupta J. Association between obesity, inflammation and insulin resistance: Insights into signaling pathways and therapeutic interventions. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. (2023) 200:110691. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2023.110691
6. Klisic A, Kavaric N, Ninic A, Kotur-Stevuljevic J. Oxidative stress and cardiometabolic biomarkers in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Sci Rep. (2021) 11:18455. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-97686-6
7. Elhelw O, Ragavan S, Majeed W, Alkhaffaf B, Mohammed N, Senapati S, et al. The impact of bariatric surgery on liver enzymes in people with obesity: A 5-year observational study. Surgeon. (2024) 22:e26–33. doi: 10.1016/j.surge.2023.07.006
Keywords: obesity, diabetes, oxidative stress, inflammation, cardiometabolic risk
Citation: Klisic A, Patoulias D and Isenovic ER (2024) Editorial: Oxidative stress and inflammation in cardiometabolic disorders. Front. Endocrinol. 15:1397836. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1397836
Received: 08 March 2024; Accepted: 18 March 2024;
Published: 22 March 2024.
Edited and Reviewed by:
Katherine Samaras, St Vincent’s Hospital Sydney, AustraliaCopyright © 2024 Klisic, Patoulias and Isenovic. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
*Correspondence: Aleksandra Klisic, YWxla3NhbmRyYW5rbGlzaWNAZ21haWwuY29t