Qiu Jiang
Kun Jiang
Yifan Ye
Kai Xi5
Chuan Xia- 1Yangtze Delta Region Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou, China
- 2School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- 3Interdisciplinary Science Research Centre, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- 4National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- 5School of Chemistry, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
Editorial on the Research Topic
Electrocatalysis Towards Carbon-Neutral Future
The burning of fossil fuels has led to a significant increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, leading to global warming and other environmental impacts. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change has estimated that limiting global warming to 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels will require reducing CO2 emissions by 45% from 2010 levels by 2030 and reaching net-zero emissions by 2050 (Masson-Delmotte et al., 2018). While the transition to renewable energy sources, such as wind and solar power, has made some progress in reducing carbon emissions, it is clear that more must be done to achieve a carbon-neutral future. Electrocatalysis has a crucial role to play in this effort, as it offers a more efficient and sustainable alternative to traditional chemical reactions. The process involves using electric potential to drive chemical reactions that reduce or oxidize substances, enabling efficient energy conversion and storage. For example, while traditional combustion-based power plants emit large amounts of carbon dioxide, fuel cells powered by hydrogen and oxygen can produce electricity with zero carbon emissions. As the world increasingly seeks ways to reduce its carbon footprint, electrocatalysis is becoming an increasingly important area of research. The articles collected in this Research Topic explore a broad range of electrocatalytic processes that are being extensively investigated, starting from basic research about the materials’ design, through to the development and validation of analytical techniques, and the evaluation of key parameters in various electrocatalytic processes.
Electrocatalytic processes can be used to directly remove carbon dioxide from industrial emissions, converting it into more manageable forms that can be safely stored. This not only reduces carbon emissions but also opens new avenues for the use of carbon dioxide as a raw material in the production of chemicals, fuels, and other products (Ding et al., 2023). Integrated Cu-based Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) and their derivatives in the production of C2+ chemicals were summarized by Jana et al. The main advantages of using MOFs as catalysts for CO2 reduction are their large surface area, tunable pore size, and high stability. These properties make MOFs ideal candidates for catalyzing CO2 reduction reactions by providing a large active site for the reaction to occur and facilitating the transport of reactants and products. The electrocatalytic CO2 reduction can be potentially integrated with other processes, such as photocatalytic reaction, energy storage, or waste utilization, to improve the overall efficiency and sustainability of the process. For example, trityltetra (pentafluorophenyl) borate (TPP)-based solar cells were reported to show 23.03% power conversion efficiencies (Guo) and >90% faradaic efficiencies have already been reported for several electrocatalytic CO2 reductions products, combining these two processes can potentially achieve >18% energy efficiency, surpassing the theoretical efficiency of the photosynthesis process (11%) (Zhu et al., 2010). In addition to its applications in energy conversion, the electrolysis can also be potentially combined with photothermal process in certain applications to enhance their performance. Liu et al. reported that Ag-based photothermal foam with excellent light absorption and low thermal conductivity (Wang et al.), the material can efficiently evaporate water under Sun irradiations. Theoretically, the photothermal effect can be used to generate electrons and drive the electrocatalytic reaction, making it more efficient and reducing the amount of energy required. For example, photothermal electrocatalysis can be used in the reduction of CO2 to valuable chemicals, such as formic acid or methanol. Further mechanism-guided strategies for process integration involve the integration of CO2 reduction processes with other processes based on knowledge of the underlying CO2 reduction mechanisms (Li et al., 2022; Zheng and Xia, 2023).
Another area where electrocatalysis is making a significant impact is the hydrogen energy. One of the widely explored electrocatalytic reactions is the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). OERs occur at the anode of an electrochemical cell and involve the oxidation of water molecules to form oxygen, hydrogen ions, and electrons. OER is a critical step in many energy-related and environmental applications, such as water electrolysis, fuel cells, and water treatment. However, OER can also be challenging due to their high energy requirements and low efficiency, making it important to develop new catalysts and materials to improve the efficiency of OERs. To overcome the sluggish kinetics of OER, Zhu et al. reported an interface coupling strategy to prepare NiFe-based layered double hydroxides (NiFe-LDH) on exfoliated black phosphorous (Fan et al.). The prepared materials significantly lowered the activation energy of the OER reaction and improved its efficiency under alkaline conditions (∼240 mV overpotential at a current density of 10 mA/cm2). Oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is the reverse of the oxygen evolution, it consumes the electrons and protons generated at the anode, allowing fuel cells to produce electricity with high efficiency and low emissions but suffering from sluggish reaction kinetics. Developing new catalysts with optimized structures, compositions, and morphologies can significantly improve ORR kinetics, but the precise synthesis of the desired surface is difficult. The seed-mediated synthesis is a promising method to produce well-designed nanoparticles in scale. In this method, small seed particles are first synthesized, and then they serve as nucleation centers for the growth of larger particles. The size and shape of the resulting nanoparticles can be controlled by adjusting the conditions of the synthesis, such as the concentration of reactants and reaction time. A study addressed by He et al. gave a detailed review of the seed-mediated synthesis of platinum-based electrocatalysts for ORR (Gray et al.), the method can be potentially used for the synthesis of other well-defined nanostructures for applications beyond electrocatalysis such as drug delivery, sensors, optics, and photonics, etc.
Overall, the development of electrocatalysis technology is a critical step toward a carbon-neutral future. As researchers continue to advance in this area, we can expect to see even greater benefits in the future. Electrocatalysis will play a crucial role in creating a more sustainable and environmentally friendly world, whether it is through the production of clean energy, the development of efficient energy conversion/storage systems, or the improvement of industrial processes. While the potential of electrocatalysis is clear, much work remains to be done to develop new and more efficient catalysts and to scale up the use of these technologies in industry and commerce.
Author contributions
All authors listed have made a substantial, direct, and intellectual contribution to the work and approved it for publication.
Acknowledgments
We greatly acknowledge all the authors and reviewers for their contributions to this Research Topic, we would also like to express our gratitude and appreciation to the journal’s responsible editors and technical staffs, who have contributed significantly to the successful completion of the peer-review processes and the publication.
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
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References
Ding, M., Chen, Z., Liu, C., Wang, Y., Li, C., Li, X., et al. (2023). Electrochemical CO2 reduction: Progress and opportunity with alloying copper. Mater. Rep. Energy, 100175. doi:10.1016/J.MATRE.2023.100175
Jana, A., Snyder, S. W., Crumlin, E. J., and Qian, J. (2023). Integrated carbon capture and conversion: A review on C2+ product mechanisms and mechanism-guided strategies. Available at: www.frontiersin.org.
Li, H., Jiang, K., Zou, S. Z., and Cai, W. B. (2022). Fundamental aspects in CO2 electroreduction reaction and solutions from in situ vibrational spectroscopies. Chin. J. Catal. 43, 2772–2791. doi:10.1016/S1872-2067(22)64095-6
Masson-Delmotte, V., Pörtner, H.-O., Roberts, D., Skea, J., Shukla, P. R., et al. (2018). “Summary for policymakers,” in Global Warming of 1.5°C. An IPCC Special Report on the impacts of global warming of 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission pathways, in the context of strengthening the global response to the threat of climate change, sustainable development, and efforts to eradicate poverty, 1–24. doi:10.1017/9781009157940.001
Zheng, T., and Xia, C. (2023). Electrifying biosynthesis for CO2 upcycling. Trends Chem. 5, 7–10. doi:10.1016/J.TRECHM.2022.10.006
Keywords: electrocatalysis, environment, carbon neutrality, energy storage, energy conversion
Citation: Jiang Q, Jiang K, Ye Y, Xi K and Xia C (2023) Editorial: Electrocatalysis Towards Carbon-Neutral Future. Front. Chem. 11:1159716. doi: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1159716
Received: 06 February 2023; Accepted: 13 February 2023;
Published: 20 February 2023.
Edited and reviewed by:
Nosang Vincent Myung, University of Notre Dame, United StatesCopyright © 2023 Jiang, Jiang, Ye, Xi and Xia. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
*Correspondence: Chuan Xia, chuan.xia@uestc.edu.cn