A commentary has been posted on this article:
Clarification to Commentary: Acute Effects of Exercise Mode on Arterial Stiffness and Wave Reflection in Healthy Young Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
J. Derek Kingsley
Yu Lun Tai- 1Exercise Science/Physiology, Cardiovascular Dynamics Laboratory, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States
- 2Department of Health and Human Performance, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, United States
A Commentary on
Acute Effects of Exercise Mode on Arterial Stiffness and Wave Reflection in Healthy Young Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
by Pierce, D. R., Doma, K., and Leicht, A. S. (2018). Front. Physiol. 9:73. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00073
Introduction
We recently read the article, “Acute Effects of Exercise Mode on Arterial Stiffness and Wave Reflection in Healthy Young Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis” by Doris R. Pierce, Kenji Doma and Anthony S. Leicht (volume 13, 2018). This particular article was a review and meta-analysis that focused on changes in arterial stiffness and measures of pulse wave reflection in response to different exercise modalities. The aim of this commentary is to highlight, and to make note, on some of the data that was presented in their manuscript.
Increases in measures of pulse wave reflection, primarily the augmentation index (AIx), and the AIx at normalized to 75 beats per minute (AIx@75), are associated with increased cardiovascular mortality and morbidity (Weber et al., 2004). The AIx is defined as augmentation pressure expressed as a percentage of aortic pulse pressure. It is influenced by the timing and the amplitude of the forward traveling wave and the reflected wave (Wilkinson et al., 2000). Following resistance exercise there appears to be a significant impact on measures of pulse wave reflection (Fahs et al., 2009; Yoon et al., 2010; Kingsley et al., 2017; Tai et al., 2018). This is further supported by the meta-analysis of Pierce et al. (2018).
Concerns
However, while we were excited that our previous study, and data, are used in the meta-analysis by Pierce et al. (2018), we do have some concerns. Specifically, our primary concern revolves around the data taken from our article, Tai et al. (2018). In the article by Pierce et al., the data that are presented from Tai et al. (2018), specifically Figure 4, 1.1.2 Augmentation index, are incorrect. The data in reference are not the same in the article by Pierce et al. as they are in the article from Tai et al.
In our article, Tai et al., the AIx that was published was the peripheral AIx, and we did not correct it for changes in pulse pressure, the review article by Pierce et al. cited an AIx taken from Tai et al. that was not what was published. Tai et al. reported an augmentation index of 116.8 ± 4.2% at rest, and 123.2 ± 8.4%. However, Peirce et al. reported an augmentation index of 12.5 ± 6% at rest, and 19 ± 11.9% during recovery. From what we can tell, Peirce et al. calculated their own AIx, using our data and by dividing our reported AIx by augmentation pressure, but we are not certain. The correct data are such that resting AIx, corrected for pulse pressure, increased by 88.7%, while Peirce et al. reported that we had a 49.6% change.
Discussion
Overall, our concern is that our data were re-calculated, incorrectly, and then used in the meta-analysis. We were not contacted about our data, and were most upset to see it presented in an incorrect manner. We feel that re-calculating the AIx from our data was not the best way to proceed. We don't know how much these incorrect data influenced the outcome of the meta-analysis.
Author Contributions
All authors listed have made a substantial, direct and intellectual contribution to the work, and approved it for publication.
Conflict of Interest
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
References
Fahs, C. A., Heffernan, K. S., and Fernhall, B. (2009). Hemodynamic and vascular response to resistance exercise with L-arginine. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 41, 773–779. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181909d9d
Kingsley, J. D., Tai, Y. L., Mayo, X., Glasgow, A., and Marshall, E. (2017). Free-weight resistance exercise on pulse wave reflection and arterial stiffness between sexes in young, resistance-trained adults. Eur. J. Sport Sci. 17, 1056–1064. doi: 10.1080/17461391.2017.1342275
Pierce, D. R., Doma, K., and Leicht, A. S. (2018). Acute effects of exercise mode on arterial stiffness and wave reflection in healthy young adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front. Physiol. 9:73. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00073
Tai, Y. L., Gerhart, H., Mayo, X., and Kingsley, J. D. (2018). Acute resistance exercise using free weights on aortic wave reflection characteristics. Clin. Physiol. Funct. Imaging 38, 145–150. doi: 10.1111/cpf.12396
Weber, T., Auer, J., O'Rourke, M. F., Kvas, E., Lassnig, E., Berent, R., et al. (2004). Arterial stiffness, wave reflections, and the risk of coronary artery disease. Circulation 109, 184–189. doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000105767.94169.E3
Wilkinson, I. B., MacCallum, H., Flint, L., Cockcroft, J. R., Newby, D. E., and Webb, D. J. (2000). The influence of heart rate on augmentation index and central arterial pressure in humans. J. Physiol. 525 (Pt 1), 263–270. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7793.2000.t01-1-00263.x
Keywords: vascular, augmentation index, arterial stiffness, pulse wave velocity, opinion
Citation: Kingsley JD and Tai YL (2019) Commentary: Acute Effects of Exercise Mode on Arterial Stiffness and Wave Reflection in Healthy Young Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front. Physiol. 10:1516. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01516
Received: 26 September 2019; Accepted: 02 December 2019;
Published: 17 December 2019.
Edited by:
Gary Iwamoto, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United StatesReviewed by:
Scott Davis, Southern Methodist University, United StatesCopyright © 2019 Kingsley and Tai. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
*Correspondence: J. Derek Kingsley, jkingsle@kent.edu