Will long-term disease specific outcomes of bladder conservation with sequential Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) and electromotive drug administration Mitomycin-C (EMDA-MMC) for high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (HR-NMIBC) influence adoption?
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1
Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom
Background: Superior short-term outcomes of sequential BCG with EMDA-MMC when treating HR-NMIBC have been reported. Despite this, the regimen has not been widely adopted for bladder conservation and the optimal regimen is yet to be determined. An understanding of long-term oncological outcomes would be important in understanding it’s true role and may encourage wider adoption.
Methods: This is a prospective single-centre study of 464 patients, presenting with new HR-NMIBC between June 2009 and July 2017. The bladder conservation schedule followed TURBT with adjuvant 9-week induction consisting of 3 consecutive and identical cycles of; BCG in weeks 1 and 2, followed by EMDA-MMC in week 3. Maintenance was 3-weekly BCG. Cystoscopy was used to assess response at 8 weeks post induction. Primary outcome measures evaluated were recurrence free survival, progression rates and outcomes following salvage treatment.
Results:
249 patients received sequential BCG/EMDA-MMC with a median follow-up of 54 months (4-108). 206/249 (83%) received treatment for high-grade (Ta/T1) disease, and 13/249 (5%) for primary carcinoma in situ. A further 30/249 (12%) received treatment for recurrent or large volume low-grade disease.
Of the 196/249 (79%) patients who completed the induction course of treatment 123/196 (63%) have remained disease free during follow-up. 53/196 (27%) patients developed bladder recurrence, of which 22/53 (42%) demonstrated stage migration (T2 disease). Of note, 28/53 (53%) developed recurrence within the first three years of treatment. Of the 15/53 (28%) who subsequently underwent radical cystectomy, upstaging on final histopathology was demonstrated in 8/15 (53%) patients, 1/15 (6%) died of metastatic bladder cancer.
Conclusion:
If induction BCG/EMDA-MMC treatment is completed, over two-thirds of patients remain disease free during long term follow-up. This is twice the efficacy quoted for intravesical BCG alone and adds further weight to the adoption of this sequential regimen in bladder preservation for HR-NMIBC.
Keywords:
Bladder cancer,
BCG - Bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccine,
Electromotive drug administration (EMDA),
Mitomycin C (Mit-C),
Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer
Conference:
Bladder Cancer Translational Research Meeting, London, United Kingdom, 29 Mar - 29 Mar, 2019.
Presentation Type:
Poster
Topic:
Development of personalised treatment
Citation:
Lane
J,
Abdille
Z,
Gan
C,
Chatterton
K,
Amery
S,
Thurairaja
R,
Khan
S,
Malde
S,
O'Brien
T and
Nair
R
(2019). Will long-term disease specific outcomes of bladder conservation with sequential Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) and electromotive drug administration Mitomycin-C (EMDA-MMC) for high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (HR-NMIBC) influence adoption?.
Front. Oncol.
Conference Abstract:
Bladder Cancer Translational Research Meeting.
doi: 10.3389/conf.fonc.2019.01.00015
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Received:
28 Feb 2019;
Published Online:
27 Sep 2019.
*
Correspondence:
Dr. Jennifer Lane, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom, jennifer.lane@gstt.nhs.uk