Mineralized collagen-based bone materials for bone regeneration in cranial defect of immaturity
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1
Tsinghua University, School of Materials Science and Engineering, China
Repair for cranial defect of immaturity has been widely debated in clinic especially on the timing for cranioplasty, because the common-used repair materials in cranioplasty such as titanium mesh, PMMA, and PEEK cannot match the requirements of children cranial bone development, causing cranial bone asymmetry even affecting the growth of brain and leading to brain injuries. Therefore, it’s necessary and urgent to develop new cranioplasty materials that should match human anatomical physiology, especially the rapid growth of immaturity. In this study, biodegradable mineralized collagen-based bone materials with different porosity were developed to explore the role in cranial bone regeneration. The mineralized collagen powders (MC) which was prepared by biomimetic mineralization process were mixed with polycaprolactone (PCL) with a weight ratio of 1:1 to make bone scaffold materials (PCL/MC) with different porosity by adjusting the volume of solvent. Rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) were used to explore the in vitro biocompatibility and osteogenic activity of the bone materials. Cranial bone defect models were constructed in rat and goat to evaluate the repair effect of bone materials in vivo. SEM examinations showed the porous features of the scaffolds with pore size of about 100-300 μm in high porosity of scaffold and less than 50 μm in low porosity of scaffold. The mechanical properties of the scaffolds were examined indicating that the compressive strength decreased with the increasing of the pore size of PCL/MC scaffold. The PCL/MC scaffold with low porosity was designed mainly for structural support during cranial bone repair, and the scaffold with high porosity was designed mainly for inducing bone regeneration in bone defect. The rBMSCs were seeded on the top of the scaffolds. SEM images indicated that the cells adhered to the scaffold well with processes and multiple filopodia, and anchored onto the pore wall. CCK8 result confirmed the good cytocompatibility of PCL/MC scaffold showing appropriate cell proliferation rate. Besides, the involvement of MC could promote the osteogenic activity of PCL/MC scaffold comparing with pure PCL and TCP (tissue culture plate) control. Rat cranial bone defect model was used to evaluate the rate of new bone formation with different type of scaffolds implanted. A 3 cm-diameter circular defect was made on cranial bone of 1-month old goat into which the bone material was implanted. After the surgery, the goats showed fine life activities. The bone tissue obviously grew into the bone materials 2 months after the surgery and the degradation of the bone materials can also be observed. The results of our study implied the mineralized collagen-based bone material has good biocompatibility and sufficient mechaniacal properties, could promote cranial bone ingrowth with proper degradation.
National Natural Science Foundation of China (51572144)
References:
[1] Aydin S, Kucukyuruk B, Abuzayed B, et al.Cranioplasty: review of materials and techniques. J Neurosci Rural Pract. 2011; 2(2):162-167.
[2] Honeybul S. Complications of decompressive craniectomy for head injury. J Clin Neurosci, 2010, 17(4): 430-435.
[3] Li G, Wen L, Zhan RY, et al. Cranioplasty for patients developing large cranial defects combined with post-traumatic hydrocephalus after head trauma. Brain Inj. 2008; 22(4):333-337.
[4] Cui FZ, Li Y, Ge J. Self-assembly of mineralized collagen composites. Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports. 2007; 57: 1-27.
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Keywords:
Bone Regeneration,
Tissue Engineering,
Biomimetic
Conference:
10th World Biomaterials Congress, Montréal, Canada, 17 May - 22 May, 2016.
Presentation Type:
New Frontier Oral
Topic:
Biomaterials in constructing tissue substitutes
Citation:
Wang
X,
Wang
S and
Yang
Y
(2016). Mineralized collagen-based bone materials for bone regeneration in cranial defect of immaturity.
Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.
Conference Abstract:
10th World Biomaterials Congress.
doi: 10.3389/conf.FBIOE.2016.01.02826
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Received:
27 Mar 2016;
Published Online:
30 Mar 2016.