Introduction: Osteoporosis is a serious bone disease induced by low bone mass, bone tissue deterioration and is well occurrence to menopausal women. Recently, an osteoporosis disease has taken an attack to many people that to be serious health problem in all around the world. Thus, an osteoporosis research and alternative to overcome is essential for many patient having disease. In this study, we designed the alendronate (ALD) drug conjugated with gold nanoparticles (GNPs) for drug release control and additional effects. ALD is well known effect that ability of osteoclast formation inhibitory. Thus, we hypothesized that GNPs conjugated ALD (GNPs-ALD) is to be effective in the formation of osteoclast.
Materials and Methods: We synthesized the GNP and GNPs-ALD. The manufactured GNPs, ALD and GNPs-ALD were analyzed by UV-visible spectrophotometer, fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR), thermo gravimetric analyzer (TGA), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). And also the products are evaluated effect of osteoclast formation inhibitory as bone marrow macrophages by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining and polymerase chain reaction.
Results and Discussion: The GNPs were made range from 20 to 40 nm of diameter. The GNPs and GNPs-ALD have a different wavelength that correspond to maximum absorbance. As the FT-IR results, an ALD of unique peaks appeared in the GNPs-ALD measurement. In the in vitro study, an inhibitory of osteoclast formation is successful and also we confirmed amazing fact that high concentration of GNPs, ALD and GNPs-ALD groups appeared high inhibitory effect compared to low concentration. In this study, we designed and prepared a novel therapeutic agent for preventing and treating osteoporosis. To enhance the therapeutic effects of this agent for inhibition of osteoclast formation, GNPs were prepared and conjugated with ALD. The synthesized the GNPs and GNPs-ALD were confirmed by UV-Vis spectroscopy, TEM, SEM, EDX, ATR-FTIR, and TGA. GNP-ALD had a shape with spherical and well-dispersed, and uniform in the range from 20 to 40 nm size. Furthermore, GNP-ALD has excellent outcome that adhesive strength to the surface on bone tissue. The inhibition effects of GNP-ALD were exhibited by TRAP activity, staining, and real-time PCR. In summary, the results showed that GNPs-ALD has the highest inhibitory effects towards to osteoclast differentiation of bone marrow-derived macrophage.
Conclusion: The results showed that GNPs-ALD have the highest inhibitory effects towards to osteoclast differentiation of bone marrow-derived macrophage. Thus, GNPs-ALD can play a key role and a useful agents for osteoporosis therapy.
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