ANTIMICROBIAL USAGES IN FRESHWATER TROUT INDUSTRY IN FRANCE
THE RESULTS OF THE FIRST NATIONWIDE SURVEY
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1
Anses, Epidemiology and welfare, France
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2
Fili@vet, France
Antimicrobial resistance is today recognized by the entire scientific community as one of the major health challenges in the coming decades. Among the various action plans implemented by the health authorities to deal with this problem, the French system for reducing antibiotic use in veterinary medicine (Ecoantibio 2017) has been designed to reduce the use of veterinary drugs, irrespective of the animal species, by 25% in 5 years.
There is a wide variability of use between animal sectors and all of them are not exposed to the same antibiotic treatments. The exposure levels as well as the exposure routes also differ between species. Few data are available on the fish farming industry in France, but they show a low exposure to antimicrobials compared to other intensive livestock sectors. However, the spread of resistant bacteria are different and faster in aquatic than terrestrial environment.
In order to better know these uses, a study was conducted between February 2014 and April 2015 in coordination with the professionals. This cross-sectional study was designed to get an overview of the uses of antibiotics in salmon farming and establish a baseline. Its objectives were 1/ to provide information on the uses by therapeutic class and 2/ to analyze the uses related to husbandry practices and pathologies. A representative stratified random sample of a hundred freshwater fish farms spread all over the French territory was investigated. Through an epidemiological questionnaire used during on-farm visits, the characteristics of the farm, water quality, breeding practices, health status and medication use on a full year were collected.
This study confirmed a limited use of antimicrobials in connection with the development of effective sanitary control methods, especially the development of the vaccination. Tow third (65%) of the farmers used antimicrobials during this base year. Florfenicol was the most often used drug, reportedly in 54% of the farms, to treat outbreaks of rainbow trout fry syndrom (RTFS) caused by the bacterium Flavobacterium psychrophilum. Flumequin (13% of the farms), sulfonamides (19% of the farms) and less frequently other antimicrobials (oxolinic acid, oxytetracyclin and amoxicilin) were also used, most of all to treat furonculosis and sporadic outbreaks of enteric redmouth disease. Antimicrobials regarded as critical for public health reasons (cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones) were never used. Fish production is considered as a minor production in France, therefore availability of effective treatments for control of infectious diseases is a critical requirement for vets and producers. So far, despite being the dominant disease registered in 41% of the farms, no alternative treatment method has been identified to treat RTFS. If the effectiveness of the Florfenicol has been assessed in several studies (Boyacıoglu M,et al, 2012; Schmidt et al, 2010) antimicrobial resistance was also observed (Henríquez-Núñez et al, 2012). Preventing RTFS thus appears as a major issue to reduce Florfenicol uses and limit the risk of antimicrobial resistance.
Acknowledgements
The authors gratefully acknowledge all the farmers who participated in this study, ITAVI and the professional partners. They thank French ministry of Agriculture for funding this research project.
References
- Suivi des ventes de médicaments vétérinaires contenant des antibiotiques en France en 2012 (http://www.anses.fr/fr/documents/ANMV-Ra-Antibiotiques2012.pdf)
-Ecoantibio, réduire l’utilisation des antibiotiques vétérinaires (http://agriculture.gouv.fr/IMG/pdf/130208PlaqAntibioFR_BD_cle0447e7.pdf)
- Boyacıoglu M, Akar F. Isolation of Flavobacterium psychrophilum causing rainbow trout fry syndrome and determination of an effective antibacterial treatment in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fry. Kafkas Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi. 2012;18:197-203.
- Henríquez-Núñez H, Evrard O, Kronvall G, Avendaño-Herrera R. Antimicrobial susceptibility and plasmid profiles of Flavobacterium psychrophilum strains isolated in Chile. Aquaculture. 2 juill 2012;354–355:38-44.
- Schmidt AS, Bruun MS, Dalsgaard I, Pedersen K, Larsen JL. Occurrence of antimicrobial resistance in fish-pathogenic and environmental bacteria associated with four danish rainbow trout farms. Appl Environ Microbiol. nov 2000;66:4908-15.
Keywords:
antimicrobial,
Salmonidae,
Flavobacterium,
Florfenicol,
Bacterial drug resistance
Conference:
AquaEpi I - 2016, Oslo, Norway, 20 Sep - 22 Sep, 2016.
Presentation Type:
Poster
Topic:
Aquatic Animal Epidemiology
Citation:
Le Bouquin
S,
Thomas
R,
Jamin
M,
Hanne-Poujade
S and
Chauvin
C
(2016). ANTIMICROBIAL USAGES IN FRESHWATER TROUT INDUSTRY IN FRANCE
THE RESULTS OF THE FIRST NATIONWIDE SURVEY.
Front. Vet. Sci.
Conference Abstract:
AquaEpi I - 2016.
doi: 10.3389/conf.FVETS.2016.02.00023
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Received:
31 May 2016;
Published Online:
14 Sep 2016.
*
Correspondence:
DVM. Sophie Le Bouquin, Anses, Epidemiology and welfare, PLOUFRAGAN, 22 440, France, sophie.lebouquin-leneveu@anses.fr