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"Platelet activation and activation of cell death pathways in platelets isolated from HIV/AIDS patients"

Emersom C. Mesquita1, Eugenio D. Hottz1, Rodrigo T. Amâncio1, André M. Japiassú1, Denise M. Medeiros1, Beatriz G. Grinsztejn2, Patricia T. Bozza3 and Fernando A. Bozza1*
  • 1 Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Evandro Chagas Clinical Research Institute, Brazil
  • 2 Fundação Oswaldo cruz, Brazil
  • 3 Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Brazil

The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a pandemic threat. Around 1.700.000 deaths globally were registered only in 2012, accordingly with the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS). New clinical data emphasizes long term complications of HIV infection such as cardiovascular disease and thrombotic events. Platelets have a paramount role on thrombus formation and the mechanisms behind HIV-1 induced platelet abnormalities are still elusive. The aim of this work is to build up this literature by characterizing platelet activation and cell death pathways in platelets isolated from HIV/AIDS patients. Platelets were isolated from platelets-rich-plasma (PRP) of 18 HIV/AIDS patients and 30 healthy volunteers. P-selectin (CD62) was analyzed by flow cytometry (BD FACScan Excalibur) as a marker of platelet activation and degranulation. Mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death pathways were analyzed by mitochondrial membrane potential, caspase-9 activity, phosphatidylserine exposure and reactive oxygen species production. We observed that, despite virological suppression achieved through HAART, platelets derived from HIV/AIDS patients exhibited marked signs of intrinsic apoptotic pathway activation (decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, increased phosphatidylserine exposure, increased reactive oxygen species production and increased caspase-9 activation). Moreover, we demonstrated that platelets isolated from HIV/AIDS patients are less responsive to thrombin stimulus (P-selectin expression and RANTES production) than control platelets. Our results suggest that platelet activation in HIV infection initiate cell death pathways in platelets, which might be an important mechanism of HIV-associated thrombocytopenia. Moreover, platelet dysfunction might correlate with HIV infection towards AIDS.

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Keywords: platelets, HIV-1, aids, platelet apoptosis, Mitochondrial dysfunction, platelet activation.

Conference: 15th International Congress of Immunology (ICI), Milan, Italy, 22 Aug - 27 Aug, 2013.

Presentation Type: Abstract

Topic: Host-pathogen interactions

Citation: Mesquita EC, Hottz ED, Amâncio RT, Japiassú AM, Medeiros DM, Grinsztejn BG, Bozza PT and Bozza FA (2013). "Platelet activation and activation of cell death pathways in platelets isolated from HIV/AIDS patients". Front. Immunol. Conference Abstract: 15th International Congress of Immunology (ICI). doi: 10.3389/conf.fimmu.2013.02.01059

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Received: 30 Jun 2013; Published Online: 22 Aug 2013.

* Correspondence: Dr. Fernando A Bozza, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Evandro Chagas Clinical Research Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21040900, Brazil, bozza.fernando@gamil.com