Event Abstract

Back to Event

EPIDEMIOLOGY STUDY OF VIRAL NERVOUS NECROSIS (VNN) IN MALAYSIAN GROUPERS: SEQUENCE ANALYSIS STRATEGIES AND QUASISPECIES DETERMINANT’S

Sandra C. Zainathan1*, Azila Abdullah2, Mohammed Noor Amal Azmai3, Nurshuhadah Ariff1 and Najiah Musa4
  • 1 Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Malaysia
  • 2 National Fish Health Research Centre, Lab, Malaysia
  • 3 Universiti Putra Malaysia, Biology Dept Faculty of Science, Malaysia
  • 4 Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, School of Fisheries and Aquaculture Sciences, Malaysia

Viral Nervous Necrosis (VNN) or Viral encephalopathy and retinopathy (VER) is considered to be a serious disease of several marine fish species, characterized by significant losses associated to vacuolating lesions of the central nervous system and the retina. In Malaysia, VNN has been isolated from groupers, seabass, red snappers, cobia and golden pomfret. Betanodaviruses causes 100% mortality in larval stages while lower losses have been reported in juveniles and adult fish. Due to the unsystematic surveillance and reporting system, including risk factors, source of VNN infections; early detection method together with control and prevention strategies in Malaysia are not fully determined yet. VNN is reported to be vertically transmitted and it is still unclear how the virus is transmitted from broodstocks to fry/fingerlings, and the inconsistencies of detection in the broodstocks itself, especially during breeding time (self-observation). Since it is difficult to obtain and culture grouper broodstocks, hence, early control and prevention should be applied to ensure the broodstocks are protected against this disease. Thus, we propose to study the epidemiology of VNN in broodstocks and cultured grouper with a focus on prevalence, risk factors together with its genome characterization. These information may provide basis for the development of detection methods, vaccine or other control and prevention strategies. The samples (complete life stages) will be collected from associated grouper farms in Malaysia. In this study, risk factors for VNN infections such as age, species, life stages and water quality parameters will be determined. The use of invasive and non-invasive sampling methods will be evaluated as well. The genotypes and prevalence of VNN (seasonally) can be determined in this study. The confirmation of VNN genome sequence will provide information useful for understanding the evolution and divergence of the virus as well as towards the potential vaccine development.

Acknowledgements

Fundamental Research Grant Scheme, Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia

References

Athanassopoulou, F., Billinis C., Psychas V. and Karipoglou K. (2003) Viral encephalopathy and retinopathy of Dicentrarchus labrax (L.) farmed in fresh water in Greece. Journal of Fish Disease, 26, 361–365.

Bigarre, L., Cabon, J., Baud, M., Heimann, M., Body, A., Lieffrig, F. and Castric J. (2009). Outbreak of betanodavirus infection in tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.), in fresh water. Journal of Fish Diseases, 32, 667–673.

Chi S.C., Lo C.F. and Lin S.C. (2001). Characterization of grouper nervous necrosis virus. Journal of Fish Diseases, 24, 3–13.

Chua, F.H.C., Loo, J.J. and Wee, J.Y. (1995). Mass mortality in juvenile greasy grouper, Epinephelus tauvina, associated with vacuolating encephalopathy and retinopathy. In: Diseases in Asian Aquaculture II. M. Shariff, J.R. Arthur and R.P. Subasinghe (eds.), p 235-241. Health Section, Asian Fisheries Society, Manila, Philippines.


Dalla Valle L., Toffolo V., Lamprecht M., Maltese C., Bovo G., Belvedere P. and Colombo L. (2005). Development of a sensitive and quantitative diagnostic assay for fish nervous necrosis virus based on two-target real-time PCR. Veterinary Microbiology, 110, 167–179.

Danayadol Y, Direkbusarakom S and Supamattaya K. (1995). Viral nervous necrosis in brownspotted grouper, Epinephelus malabaricus, cultured in Thailand. In: Schariff M, Arthur JR, Subasinghe RP (eds) Diseases in Asian aquaculture II. Fish Health Section, Asian Fisheries Society, Manila, p 227–233

Department of Fisheries Malaysia. (2013). Annual Fisheries Statistic 2013. PutraJaya, Malaysia.

Department of Fisheries Malaysia. (2014). Annual Fisheries Statistic 2014. PutraJaya, Malaysia.

Eigen M. (1971). Self organization of matter and the evolution of biological macromolecules. Naturwissenschaften 58: 465–523.

Frerichs G.N., Rodger H.D. and Peric Z. (1996). Cell culture isolation of piscine neuropathy nodavirus from juvenile sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax. Journal of General Virology, 77, 2067–2071.

Grotmol S., Nerland A.H., Biering E., Totland G.K. and Nishizawa T. (2000). Characterisation of the capsid protein gene from a nodavirus strain affecting the Atlantic halibut Hippoglossus hippoglossus and design an optimal reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) detection assay. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 39, 79–88.

Hick P., Gore K and Whittington R. (2013).Molecular epidemiology of betanodavirus—Sequence analysis strategies and quasispecies influence outbreak source attribution. Virology 436: 15-23.

Hick, P., Schipp, G., Bosmans, J., Humphrey, J. and Whittington, R.J. (2011a). Recurrent outbreaks of viral nervous necrosis in intensively cultured barramundi (Lates calcarifer) due to horizontal transmission of betanodavirus and recommendations for disease control. Aquaculture 319, 41–52.

Iwamoto T., Mise K., Mori K., Arimoto M., Nakai T, and Okuno T. (2001). Establishment of an infectious RNA transcription system for Striped jack nervous necrosis virus, the type species of the betanodavirus. Journal of General Virolology, 82,2653–2662.

Iwamoto T., Okinaka Y., Mise K., Mori K., Arimoto M., Okuno T. and Nakai. (2004). Identification of host-specificity determinants in betanodaviruses by using reassortants between striped jack nervous necrosis virus and sevenband grouper nervous necrosis virus. Journal of Virology, 78, 1256–1262.

Johansen R., Rove S., Svendsen N.A.K., Modahl I. and Dannevig B. (2004). A sequential study of pathological findings in Atlantic halibut, Hippoglossus hippoglossus (L), throughout one year after an acute outbreak of viral encephalopathy and retinopathy. Journal of Fish Diseases, 27, 327–341.

Keawcharoen, J., Techangamsuwan, S., Ponpornpisit A., Lombardini, E. D., Patchimasiri T. and Pirarat N. (2013) Genetic characterization of a betanodavirus isolated from a clinical disease outbreak in farm-raised tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (L.) in Thailand.

Kua B.C., Abdullah A and Abdullah S.Z. (2013). A case study on the Mortality of cobia (Rachycentron canadum) cultured in traditional cages. Tropical Life Sciences Research 24, 77–84.

Laemmli, U. K. (1970). Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature 227(5259): 680-685.

Larkin M.A., Blackshields G., Brown N.P., Chenna R., McGettigan P.A., McWilliam H., Valentin F., Wallace I.M., Wilm A., Lopez R., Thompson J.D., Gibson T.J. and Higgins D.G. (2007). Clustal W and Clustal X version 2.0. Bioinformatics 23, 2947-2948.

Lauring A.S. and Andino R. (2010). Quaisspecies theory and the behaviour of RNA viruses. PLOS Pathogens 6 (7): e1001005. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1001005.

Lin, L., He, J., Mori, K., Nishioka, T., Wu, J.L., Weng, S., Mushiake, K., Arimoto, M. and Nakai, T. (2001). Mass mortalities associated with viral nervous necrosis in hatchery-reared groupers in the People’s Republic of China. Fish Pathology, 36, 186-188.

Moody N.J.G. and Owens L. (1994). Experimental demonstration of the pathogenicity of a frog virus, Bohle iridovirus, for a fish species, barramundi Lates calcarifer. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 18,95-102

Mori K., Nakai T., Muroga K., Arimoto M., Mushiake K. and Furusawa I. (1992). Properties of a new virus belonging to Nodaviridae found in larval striped jack (Pseudocaranx dentex) with nervous necrosis. Virology 187, 368–371.

Munday B.L., Kwang J. and Moody N. (2002). Betanodavirus infections in teleost fish: a review. Journal of Fish Diseases 25,127–142.

Nishizawa T., Furuhashi M., Nagai T., Nakai T. and Muroga K. (1997). Genomic classification of fish nodaviruses by molecular phylogenetic analysis of the coat protein gene. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 63, 1633–1636.

Nishizawa T., Mori K., Nakai T., Furusawa I. and Muroga K. (1994). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of RNA of striped jack nervous necrosis virus (SJNNV). Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 18, 103–107.

Nishizawa T., Muroga K. and Arimoto M. (1996). Failure of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method to detect jack nervous necrosis virus (SJNNV) in striped jack Pseudocaranx dentex selected as spawners. Journal of Aquatic Animal Health 8, 332–334.

OIE (2014) Manual of Diagnostic Tests for Aquatic Animals, Office International des Epizooties, Paris.

Panzarin V., Patarnello P., Mori A., Rampazzo E., Cappellozza E., Bovo G. and Cattoli G. (2010). Development and validation of a real-time TaqMan PCR assay for the detection of betanodavirus in clinical specimens. Archives of Virology,155, 1193–1203.

Ransangan J., Manin B.O., Lal T.M.M., Sade A., Azila A. (2013). Betanodavirus Infection in Marine Fish Aquaculture in Malaysia Research Journal of Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences 1:10–15.

Ransangan J. and Manin B.O. (2010).Mass mortality of hatchery-produced larvae of Asian seabass, Lates calcarifer (Bloch), associated with viral nervous necrosis in Sabah, Malaysia. Veterinary Microbiology 145: 153–157.

Ransangan J. and Manin B.O. (2012).Genome analysis of Betanodavirus from cultured marine fish species in Malaysia. Veterinary Microbiology 156: 16–44.

Ransangan J., Manin B.O., Abdullah A., Roli Z. and Sharudin E.F. (2011). Betanodavirus infection in golden pompano, Trachinotus blochii, fingerlings cultured in deep-sea cage culture facility in Langkawi, Malaysia. Aquaculture 315: 327–334.

Sanjuan R, Cuevas J.M., Furio V., Holmes E.C. and Moya A. (2007). Selection for robustness in mutagenized RNA Viruses. PLoS Genetics 3: e93. doi:10.1371/ journal.pgen.0030093.

Sommerset, I. and Nerland, A. H. (2004). Complete sequence of RNA1 and subgenomic RNA3 of Atlantic halibut nodavirus (AHNV). Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 58, 117–125.

Steinhauer D.A. and Holland J.J. (1987). Rapid evolution of RNA viruses. Annual Review of Microbiology 41, 409-433.

Tan C., Huang B., Chang S.F., Ngoh G.H., Munday B.L., Chen S.C. and Kwang J. (2001). Determination of the complete nucleotide sequence of RNA1 and RNA2 from greasy grouper (Epinephelus tauvina) nervous necrosis virus, Singapore strain. Journal of General Virology, 82, 647–653.

Thiery R., Arnauld C. and Delsert C. (1999a). Two isolates of sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax L., nervous necrosis virus with distinct genomes. Journal of Fish Diseases, 22, 201–207.

Towbin H., Staehelin T. and Gordon J. (1979). Electrophoretic transfer of proteins from polyacrylamide gels to nitrocellulose sheets: procedure and some applications. Procedure National Academic Science USA 76, 4350–4354.

Keywords: VNN, Malaysian grouper, Epidemiology, Sequencing analysis, Quasispecies

Conference: AquaEpi I - 2016, Oslo, Norway, 20 Sep - 22 Sep, 2016.

Presentation Type: Oral

Topic: Aquatic Animal Epidemiology

Citation: Zainathan SC, Abdullah A, Azmai M, Ariff N and Musa N (2016). EPIDEMIOLOGY STUDY OF VIRAL NERVOUS NECROSIS (VNN) IN MALAYSIAN GROUPERS: SEQUENCE ANALYSIS STRATEGIES AND QUASISPECIES DETERMINANT’S. Front. Vet. Sci. Conference Abstract: AquaEpi I - 2016. doi: 10.3389/conf.FVETS.2016.02.00005

Copyright: The abstracts in this collection have not been subject to any Frontiers peer review or checks, and are not endorsed by Frontiers. They are made available through the Frontiers publishing platform as a service to conference organizers and presenters.

The copyright in the individual abstracts is owned by the author of each abstract or his/her employer unless otherwise stated.

Each abstract, as well as the collection of abstracts, are published under a Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0 (attribution) licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) and may thus be reproduced, translated, adapted and be the subject of derivative works provided the authors and Frontiers are attributed.

For Frontiers’ terms and conditions please see https://www.frontiersin.org/legal/terms-and-conditions.

Received: 02 Apr 2016; Published Online: 14 Sep 2016.

* Correspondence: Dr. Sandra C Zainathan, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, 21030, Malaysia, sandra@umt.edu.my